CELLS Structure & Function Review

1. CELLSStructure & FunctionReview

2. Controls what enters or leaves cell; What is the function of the cell membrane? When DNA is spread out in the nucleus of a cell of non-dividing cells it is called ____________. chromatin

3. prokaryotes Bacteria are ______________ prokaryotes eukaryotes This storage spaceis a ___________. vacuole

4. *All living things are made of cells. *Cells are the basic units of structure & function in an organism * Cells are produced from existing cells. Tell two of the parts of the cell theory. Small structure in a cell that performs a specific function organelle

5. Tell which part does it? Mitochondria Burns glucose ____________________ Controls what enters or leaves the cell ___________________ Pulls chromosomesduring cell division __________________ Digests unwanted substances or cell parts _______________ Makes proteins ______________________ Contains chromatin ___________________ Cell membrane Centrioles Lysosomes Ribosomes Nucleus

6. eukaryote An animal cell is a ____________. prokaryote eukaryote This organelle isthe ____________ Rough ER http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_er.html

7. Anton van Leeuwenhoek Dutch microscope maker who 1st saw living cells. Name an organelle that assists inmovement. Cilia or flagella

8. vacuole This storage space is larger in plants than animals. Molecule that provides the energyfor active transport ATP

9. prokaryotes Cells that have a cell membrane but NOT a nuclear membrane are________________ Organelle that acts as the cell’s control center. nucleus

10. Phospholipids & proteins Cell membranes are made of these 2 main kinds of molecules. Name another kind of molecule that could also be found in an animal cell membrane Steroids(lipids) OR glycoproteins

11. nucleolus Dark spot in the nucleus of a cellwhere ribosomes are made. Membranes that allow certain moleculesto pass through and not others are said to be ___________________ permeable. Selectively OR semi-

12. Programmed cell death or “cell suicide” for the good of the organism Apoptosis ribosomes Proteins are made on the __________ in a cell.

13. Non-dividing In what kind of cell would you expect to see chromatin? dividing non-dividing Thylakoid stacks would be seen inside _____________________ Mitochondria Golgi bodies chloroplasts chloroplasts

14. Cell organelles that burn glucose and store energy as ATP. mitochondria This structureis a __________ flagellum

15. Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, OR centrioles Name an organelle that is made of microtubules An membrane protein with carbohydrates attached to its surface that functions in cell identification is called a ____________________ glycoprotein

16. Mitochondria OR chloroplasts Name an organelle besides the nucleus that has DNA Tell one difference between cilia and flagella. Cilia- several, shorterFlagella-one or two, longer

17. Tell which part does it? smooth ER Makes lipidsfor membranes ____________________ Makes ATP ___________________ Spread out DNA __________________ Modifies & transports proteins made on its ribosomes ________________________ Regulates calcium levelsin muscle cells ________________ Supports and protectsplant cells ___________________ Mitochondria chromatin Rough ER Smooth ER Cell wall

18. rough Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached is called _________ ER. Membrane bound sac that contains digestive enzymes. lysosome

19. This organellemakes ATP. mitochondrion Because the phospholipids in a cellmembrane form 2 layers it is called a _____________. bilayer

20. Plant cells have a cell wall and animal cells don’t. Plants have larger vacuoles. Plants have chloroplasts and animal cells don’t Tell one way plant cells are different from animal cells. Called the “power plant” of the cell because it makes energy mitochondrion

21. smooth _________ ER does NOT haveribosomes attached The _______________ is made of microfilaments and microtubules andhelps the cell to maintain its shape. cytoskeleton

22. The yellow part of this phospholipid molecule stays on the outside of the bilayer next to the water environment because it is ______________. polar nonpolar polar

23. Make proteins What is the job of the ribosomes? Pancake-like stack of membranes that modify, sort, &package substances for transport. Golgi body

24. Name a cell part that has this 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules Cilia OR flagella Organelle in a plant or animal cell that contains the cell’s genetic material. nucleus

25. The folded inner membrane inthe mitochondria which help to increase the surface area for chemical reactions is called the_______________. cristae Ribosomes are made of __________ & __________ Protein RNA

26. Tell which part does it? nucleus cytoskeleton Contains genetic info __________________ Give cell shape/support ____________ Few, long structuresfor locomotion __________________ Provide more surfacearea inside mitochondria _________________ Place for photosynthesis __________________ Large storage space ___________________ flagella cristae chloroplast vacuole

27. What is the function of the Rough ER? Modify and transport molecules made by its ribosomes This organelle is a _____________ Golgi Body http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.htm

28. eukaryote A plant cell is a ______________. prokaryote eukaryote This organelle contains the molecules for photosynthesis. chloroplast

29. Name the sacs found inside chloroplasts that contain the molecules for photosynthesis thylakoids Name the folded membranes found inside mitochondria cristae

30. cilia The many short structures on the top of thiscell are __________ Cells that have a nuclear membraneare called ________________ eukaryotes

31. Smooth ER The organelle that regulates calcium in muscle cells, makes lipids for membranes, and breaks down toxins in liver cells is the ____________________ The cytoskeleton is made of ______________ & ______________ Microfilaments microtubules

32. Name the Cell PEOPLE German zoologist who concluded all animals are made of cells _______________________ English scientist who 1st saw “little boxes” in cork and called them cells ___________________ Theodor Schwann Robert Hooke

33. The blue part of this phospholipid molecule stays inside away from water because it is ______________. polar nonpolar Non polar

34. A B A = ________________ B = ________________ C = ________________ D= _________________ E= __________________ C D E Cell membrane Rough ER nucleus Golgi Body Mitochondrion

35. Tell which part does it? Mitochondria Makes ATP ____________________ Controls what enters or leaves the nucleus _________________ Help cell move __________________ Modify, sort, & package substances for transport _________________ Makes ribosomes ______________________ Control center of cell ___________________ nuclear envelope Cilia or flagella Golgi bodies nucleolus Nucleus

36. Name the Cell PEOPLE American biologist who provided evidence for the Endosymbiotic theory ___________________ German physician who saw dividing cells and reasoned that cells come from existing cells. ___________________ Lynn Margulis Rudolph Virchow

37. Put in order of increasing size: Organ cell organ system organism tissue _______ _________  _________ _____________ ______________ organ cell tissue Organ system organism

38. True or False Bacteria don’t have a CELL membrane. FALSE; All cells have a cell membrane on the outside Name one of the functions of Smooth ER Make lipids for membranes, regulate calcium levels, Break down toxic substances

39. Name an organelle besides the cell nucleus that has its OWN DNA Mitochondria OR chloroplasts A group of cells that work together to carry out a specific function are called a _______________ tissue

40. False; Yes, they do Ribosomes aren’t made of membranes True or False Bacteria don’t have ribosomes. True or False Plant cells don’t have centrioles True; at least we can’t see them

41. Name an organelle besides the cell nucleus that is surrounded by a DOUBLE membrane Mitochondria OR chloroplasts A group of organs that work together to carry out a specific function are called an _______________ Organ system

42. Dividing animal Centrioles are only seen in __________________________ cells. You would expect to see cristae inside a ________________ mitochondrion

43. mitochondria Cells that need a lot of energy probably have a lot of ______________ Golgi bodies Smooth ER mitochondria centrioles Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes attached is called _____________________ Smooth ER

44. A membrane thatlets certain molecules pass through and not others is called _______________ Semi permeable OR selectively permeable http://www.d.umn.edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membraneImages/jpegimages/diffusionmedium.jpg

45. Name the Cell PEOPLE Dutch microscope maker who was the first to observe LIVING cells ____________________________ Botanist who concluded that ALL PLANTS are made of cells ______________________________ Anton van Leuwenhoek Matthias Schleiden

46. cell The ___________ is the basic unit of life. What do ribosomes make? proteins

47. RNA for ribosomes What does the nucleolus make? What is the function of mitochondria? Burn glucose and store energy as ATP

48. Tell one way plant cells are different from animal cells? PLANTS ANIMALS Have cell wall NO cell wall Have chloroplasts No chloroplasts no centrioles have centrioles Big vacuole small vacuole

49. Tell one way plant cells are different from bacteria cells? PLANTS Bacteria Eukaryotes prokaryotes Have chloroplasts No chloroplasts Cellulose peptidoglycan in cell wall in cell wall Big vacuole no vacuolenucleus no nucleus Membrane bound organelles No membrane bound organelles

50. Tell one way animal cells are different from bacteria cells? Animal Bacteria Eukaryotes prokaryotes No cell wall cell wall vacuole no vacuolenucleus no nucleus Membrane bound organelles No membrane bound organelles Centrioles no centrioles