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Fundamental interactions and symmetries at low energies what does NUPECC say….

TRI P: A new facility for test of the Standard Model with radioactive isotopes. Fundamental interactions and symmetries at low energies what does NUPECC say…. Time-reversal violation and electric dipole moments Time-reversal violation and beta decay The TRI P facility

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Fundamental interactions and symmetries at low energies what does NUPECC say….

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  1. TRIP: A new facility for test of the Standard Model with radioactive isotopes • Fundamental interactions and symmetries at low energies • what does NUPECC say…. • Time-reversal violation and electric dipole moments • Time-reversal violation and beta decay • The TRIP facility • (Trapped Radioactive Isotopes lab’s for fundamental Physics) H.W. Wilschut Fantom symposium 8-9 may 2003

  2. QM: J//d • any particle will do • dn 0.6 10-27 em • de < 1.6 10-29 em • de (SM) < 10-39 em • find suitable object • Schiff • need amplifier • atomic (Z3) • nuclear • suitable structure time time Consider all nuclides Time reversal violation and the Electric Dipole Moment Why is EDM a TRV observable J d EDM violates parity and time reversal

  3. EDM: What Object to Choose ? 205Tl: d = -585 de 199Hg: d  nuclatom Ra: Ra/Hg=(10>1)(10>3) Theoretical input needed

  4. Enhancements in Radium some Ra nuclei Nuclei with J=1/2 available Atomic enhancement more important

  5. EDM Now and in the Future NUPECC list 1.610-27 • • 199Hg Radium potential Start TRIP de (SM) < 10-37

  6. TRV in -decay:Correlation measurement • R and D testboth Time Reversal Violation • D  most potential • R  scalar and tensor (EDM, a) • technique D measurements gives a, A, b, B But first something simple…………

  7. “The Nucleus as micro laboratory” Fermi transitions 0+ 0+  + N N’ e,  + Gamow-Teller 1+ 0+ neutrino electron recoil  Decay probability  (phase space) (nuclear structure) (weak interact)

  8. The role of (optical) trapping • Optical trap sample • isotope selective, spin manipulation • point source, no substrate • recoil (ion) mass spectrometry From KVI atomic physics: He2+ + Na S. Knoop 1 a.u.=15 AeV Ideal environment for precision experiments

  9. D=0 if all formfactors are real FSI and TRV can be disentangled finite D due to weak magnetism The effect of the FSI(Theory group/masters thesis Marc van Veenhuizen)

  10. Status and Future of D coefficient • D in neutron (-0.61.7)10-3 • D in 19Ne < (48)10-4 • Weak magnetism • DWM (19Ne) = 2.610-4 pe/pmax • With measurement of D(pe)momentum dependence two orders of magnitude to be gained. • D in  =0.110.10 Theory D Im (CVCA*) CKM  10-12 : : Susy 10-7-10-6 LR sym 10-5-10-4 exotic ferm. 10-5-10-4 lepto quark present limit • KVI goes for • 21Na (3/2+3/2+ ; t1/2=22.5 s) 19Ne (1/2+1/2+ ; t1/2=17.3 s) • 20Na(2+ 2+ + / ; t1/2 =0.5 s) 23Mg (3/2+3/2+ ; t1/2=11.3 s) • ( Rate of in-trap decays 105/s)

  11. TRIP - Trapped Radioactive Isotopes:-laboratories for fundamental Physics • Facility to • produce  AGOR • select  Separator • collect • hold Traps • manipulate • radioactive nuclei, • to study physics beyond the Standard Model  TRIP

  12. Gas-filled recoil mode Fragmentation mode * In the gas-filled mode the resolving power is limited by multiple scattering in the gas typical reaction: 206Pb + 12C at 8 MeV/nucleon 21Na, 20Na, 19Ne The double mode separator Target chamber 2 QD QD DD DD QD QD Target chamber 1 Gas cooler, RFQ AGOR beam Low energy beam Traps TRIP

  13.  Fragmentation isotope production + thick targets + wide range of fragments – non selective, small yields  (Semi) direct reactions on p or d + “large” cross sections + well focused large yields – close to projectile Production and separation in fragmentation mode recoil separator vs. fragment separator = 1 step vs. 2 step separation TRIP

  14. Catching the fast ions (ouch!) • new RIB facilities propose gascatchers • He gas stops products as 1+ ions (ionization potential difference) • Does it work? • It works in Argonne • more input needed

  15. TRImP • optical laboratory built up • home product: diode lasers • I2 spectroscopy successful • Ba optical trap under way • Ti:sapphire, dye, pump lasers • coming in RFQ Cooler Infrastructure being prepared

  16. TRIP Group at KVI Scientists: G.P. Berg U. Dammalapati P.G. Dendooven O. Dermois M.N. Harakeh K. Jungmann A. Rogachevskiy M. Sanchez-Vega R. Timmermans, (theory) E. Traykov L. Willmann H.W. Wilschut you? (Graduate students) you? (Post docs) Research technicians: L. Huisman H. Kiewiet M. Stokroos collaborations: NIPNET IonCatcher KVI atomic phyisics R. Hoekstra R. Morgenstern S. Knoop S. Hoekstra TRIP

  17. Fundamental Interactions Nuclear physics Atomic physics Applied physics Summary and outlook -decay condensates Nuclear structure - and -decay Atomic moments Electric dipole Atomic structure chemistry Nuclear moments very rare isotope detection

  18. Applied physics: AlCatrazKVI atomic physics project • The abundance of 41Ca • 4 stages • laser focusing • Zeeman slower • optical molasses • MOT (ready) • 10 orders of magnitude to go 410-5

  19. J mirror The physics aims of measuring Parity Non-Conserving (PNC) transitions in atom PNC in atom indicates 1) weak interaction of electron with nucleus measuresnuclear weak charge 2) electromagnetic interaction PNC moment of nucleus measuresnuclear anapole moment J QW and a have been measured for Cs

  20. Importance of atomic traps We start with: Hot soup of fast moving atoms with random orientation and end with: Precisely defined single species (with orientation) • ultra selective isotopic and isomeric • collect in one cold point reduce phase space • hold slightly shallow potential • manipulate position polarization • and orientation • Precision allows one to obtain (New) Physics: • weak charge, anapoles, electric dipole moments, beta decay correlations

  21. Atomic Traps for -decay studies • Why is atomic trapping important • in nuclear and particle physics • -decay correlations • kinematical correlations • +polarization • Approaches to correlation measurements • MOT • TOP • FORT H.W. Wilschut

  22. example TOP spin degrees of freedom Time orbiting potential  <J> vs  measures A “Wu experiment” Vieira et al. (LANL) 82Rb (t1/2=75 s; 1+ 0+, (2+) ) Appears to have been abandoned  FORT

  23. time time Time Reversal Violation (TRV) in atoms (electric dipole moment) J Dipole moment is both TRV and PNC d To see PNC or TRV need atomic enhancement: Near degenerate states with opposite parity. Trapping facilitates the study of transitions in atoms with a (radioactive) nucleus, chosen for its suitability (high Z, hyperfine structure, anapole moment, e.g Cs and Fr).

  24. Principle of EDM measurement detection - =   E E B precession B state preparation

  25. Washington Seattle

  26. Structure of the weak interaction Of all possible interactions only few are allowed characterization by the Dirac matrices involved Structure is V - A= left handed interaction “beyond” = right handedness new bosons more Higgs’s or….. = S, P or T Scalar Pseudo Scalar Vector (GV) Axial Vector (GA) Tensor

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