1 / 58

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. American Heart Association 2011 Guidelines CPR for Health Providers. CPR for Health Care Providers. Adult Child Infant. BLS / BCLS ALS / ACLS Respiratory Arrest. Arrest, Cardiac Arrest, Code, Code Blue Ventilations. Terminology.

kali
Download Presentation

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation American Heart Association 2011 Guidelines CPR for Health Providers

  2. CPR for Health Care Providers Adult Child Infant

  3. BLS / BCLS ALS / ACLS Respiratory Arrest Arrest, Cardiac Arrest, Code, Code Blue Ventilations Terminology

  4. American Heart Association • Research • Training • Public Education

  5. Chain of Survival • Early Access • Early CPR • Early Defibrillation • Early ACLS

  6. The Myth A little CPR & everything turns out O.K.

  7. Definitions • Clinical Death = no pulse & not breathing • Biological Death = Permanent brain death (irreversible) Begins 4 - 6 minutes after arrest

  8. CABD’s of CPR • C = Circulation • A = Airway • B = Breathing • D = Defibrillation

  9. Causes of Cardiac Arrest • Heart attack- (or cardiovascular disease) • Trauma • Drowning • Drugs • Electrocution

  10. Cardiovascular Disease Can Lead To: • Heart Attack - myocardial infarction (MI) • Stroke - cerebral vascular accident or CVA (now called “brain attack”) • Aneurysm

  11. Signs of ... • Heart attack = chest pain Typical - pressure, “tightness” Vs Atypical - indigestion, jaw pain

  12. and.. • DENIAL is common • Activating EMS is the right thing to do if you have chest pain

  13. Sudden Death • Ventricular Fibrillation

  14. Ventricular Fibrillation • The most effective intervention is early defibrillation

  15. Defibrillators Manual Semiautomatic Automatic Public access is AHA goal

  16. Public Access Defibrillation -PAD • Casinos • Airports • City buildings • Senior centers • Gated communities

  17. Stroke or “Brain Attack” • hemiparesis & hemiparalysis • headache, blurred vision • aphasia (speaking problems) • one sided facial droop #1 Risk factor = hypertension Signs and Symptoms:

  18. CVD risk factors • Factors that influence the probability of cardiovascular disease.

  19. CVD risk factors that cannot be changed • Heredity • Gender • Age Race also plays a role

  20. CVD risk factors that you can change. • Smoking • High blood pressure • High cholesterol** • Lack of exercise

  21. note • Cholesterol is found in eggs, meat, & dairy products.

  22. other factors ... • Diabetes • Obesity • Excessive stress

  23. note • Having multiple risk factors poses a much greater risk than having only 1 risk factor.

  24. Pediatric safety Injury due to “accident” #1 cause of pediatric death And most are PREVENTABLE seat belts fire safety pools firearms etc...

  25. Pediatrics • Airway problems are common cause of death in infants & children. • Respiratory arrest leading to cardiac arrest.

  26. Basic principles of CPR Obviously dead Reasons to stop CPR Positioning Initial actions CABDs

  27. Obviously Dead (policy 814) • Decapitation • Incineration • Decomposition • Evisceration of heart, lung, or brain

  28. Obviously Dead (policy 814) • Post mortem lividity & rigor mortis (check apical pulse for 60 seconds) • Special situations • MVI with limited resources • entrapment (> 15 minutes extrication time) • ?

  29. Reasons to Stop CPR • Patient Revives. • Patient is turned over to rescuers of equal or greater training. • Doctor tells you to stop. • You are so exhausted you can not continue.

  30. American Heart Association • Infant 0-1 year old • Child 1year - onset of puberty • Adult Puberty on

  31. Establish unresponsiveness • Shake & Shout THIS IS THE FIRST THING YOU DO WHEN ASSESSING A UNRESPONSIVE PERSON

  32. Activate EMS • Adults • Initiate immediately and get AED • Children and infants • Witnessed – initiate immediately and get AED • Unwitnessed – 5 cycles of CPR, then initiate and get AED

  33. Position the patient • Supine • On a hard surface

  34. CABD’s of CPR • C = Circulation • A = Airway • B = Breathing • D = Defibrillation

  35. AIRWAY • Conscious Vs Unconscious • anatomical obstruction • solid obstruction • liquid obstruction

  36. AIRWAY • Open the airway. • Head tilt, chin lift : preferred method • If suspected neck injury: Modified jaw thrust.

  37. BREATHING • Mouth to mouth • Mouth to nose & mouth • Mouth to stoma • Mouth to mask

  38. BREATHING Rescue Breathing • Adult = 1 every 5-6 seconds • Child = 1 every 3-5 seconds • Infant = 1 every 3-5 seconds

  39. Adequate Ventilation • No resistance • No escape of air from around mask • Chest Rise - stop when chest begins to rise

  40. Complications of rescue breathing GASTRIC DISTENTION is caused by air entering the stomach Over-ventilating Improper head tilt (no tilt)

  41. Cricoid Pressure • Sellicks Manuever • Prevent gastric inflation/passive regurgitation • Assistance during Endotracheal Intubation

  42. CIRCULATION • Chest compressions • Proper speed • Proper depth • Proper position

  43. Speed of Compressions • Adult 100 times / min • Child 100 times / min • Infant 100 times / min

  44. Depth of Compressions • Adult 1 1/2 - 2” • Child 1 - 1 1/2” • Infant 1/2 - 1” • OR 1/3 to 1/2 the patient’s body depth.

  45. Hand Position • At the nipple line • Off the zyphoid process 2 fingers = infant 1 hand = child 2 hands = adult

  46. Ratios Compressions to ventilations Adult = 30:2 (1 and 2 rescuer) Child & infant = 30:2 (1 rescuer) 15:2 (2 rescuer) • The pause is important to allow for slow ventilations

  47. Complications of Compressions • fractured ribs • fractured sternum • lacerated lungs • lacerated liver, blood vessels, etc.,,

More Related