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LOTUS: a SOFC based microCHP system

LOTUS: a SOFC based microCHP system. Dick Lieftink. Piero Lunghi Conference, Rome, Italy; 15 december 2011. What is LOTUS?. Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell m -CHP system JTI-FCHU Project (GA 256694) 3 year project: January 2011- December 2013 Main Objectives are

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LOTUS: a SOFC based microCHP system

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  1. LOTUS: a SOFC based microCHP system Dick Lieftink Piero Lunghi Conference, Rome, Italy; 15 december 2011

  2. What is LOTUS? • Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell m-CHP system • JTI-FCHU Project (GA 256694) • 3 year project: January 2011- December 2013 • Main Objectives are • Temperature is 650°C • Low cost, mass-produced, proven components • Electrical system efficiency of minimal 45% • Total system efficiency of minimal 80%

  3. The partners: Associated partner

  4. Functions of the partners • Partner Main task in Project • HyGear Fuel Cell systems (NL) Coordinator, system design and construction • SOFCPower (I) SOFC stack development • Frauenhofer Institut für Keramische System modeling and controls • Technologien und Systeme (D) • Domel (Slo) Gas- Air system development • University of Perugia (I) User profile input, SOFC single cell testing • European Commission/ JRC (B) SOFC stack testing, testplan harmonization • Associated partner: Vaillant (D) System requirements

  5. Set up of LOTUS • WP1: Project Management • WP2: Low temperature Stack implementation • WP3: System design and modeling • WP4: System Engineering • WP5: Prototyping • WP6: System test and validation

  6. Requirements System Requirement Document Voice of customer represented by Vaillant User profiles on electricity and heat use of houses, hotels gathered by the University of Perugia Daily electricity consumption of five member family home (data: UniPG)

  7. Basis of development SOFC at 650°C Internal/external reforming Combination of burner functions Off the shelf, proven, reliable technology for components where possible Steam reforming Blower strategy Desulphurization System model by IKTS (next contribution) Example: Sankey diagram for concept evaluation (IKTS)

  8. SOFC stack Developed and constructed by SOFCPower Low temperature operation will improve material reliability SOFCPower has experience in reducing the temperature of the stack using anode supported cells Partial internal reforming is possible, however 100% internal reforming creates big temperature gradient due to endothermicity.

  9. Harmonization of test protocols for SOFC cells/stacks JRC coordinates with input from (a.o.) LOTUS partners

  10. System engineering Construction of P&ID, with outlook on CE certification Safe operation HyGear has proven, in house technology to tightly integrate heat exchangers and catalysts with burner Heat loss reduction, high efficiency Some specific heat exchangers are commercially available Low cost, high reliability

  11. Burner development Anode Tailgas Burner H2, CO, CH4 oxidation: dual stage: flame and catalytic Modulation: half power, idle mode Inverter trips Start up burner CH4 oxidation Provide heat to : Steam reformer: requires close integration Stack Air preheater Steam production CHP function Target is to combine these functions in one piece of hardware

  12. Steam reformer: catalyst testing Size matters: high activity Cost matters: Commercial materials from catalyst manufacturers Variables: CH4 flowrate, Steam-to-carbon ratio, Temperature

  13. Blower development: DOMEL Based on the process model a single blower is developed for gas/air supply strategies like: Multi-blower system Single blower system Single blower system in exhaust Single blower in exhaust is preferred: less parts  lower cost System at under-pressure  inherently safer

  14. Desulphurization Removal of odorants from natural gas THT, mercaptans (0 – 5 ppmv) Natural occurring H2S and COS (0 – 15 ppmv) Room temperature adsorbents are available Porous materials like activated carbons and zeolites Supported metal oxides Watch out for hydrocarbon co-adsorption Waste treatment and transportation Solid adsorbents are the most cost effective way and have the least system impact

  15. Status and future of LOTUS Stack material testing ongoing First burner prototype will be tested in January 2012 Evaluation of single blower design is evaluated Catalyst evaluation Control strategy development Important Milestones: 1kWe SOFC stack delivery: January 2013 System prototype ready: June 2013

  16. Thank you for your attention!

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