SUMMER ONE 2012 BROOKLYN COLLEGE HISTORY 3480: HISTORY OF NYC SECTION T1E (0852)

1. CHAPTER ONENew Amsterdam Becomes New York SUMMER ONE 2012 BROOKLYN COLLEGE HISTORY 3480: HISTORY OF NYC SECTION T1E (0852) BRENDAN O’MALLEY, INSTRUCTOR BOMALLEY@BROOKLYN.CUNY.EDU

2. Chapter One:New Amsterdam Becomes New York EUROPEAN EXPANSION & THE “ATLANTIC WORLD” GLOBAL COMPETITION 1500s – 1700s: Various European powers competing for global maritime supremacy • 1500s: Spain & Portugal in the New World; Portugal in the Indian Ocean and Spain in the Philippines • 1600s: Rise of Dutch, English, French • Late 1600s: Intense commercial rivalry between England & Holland • 1700s: Emergence of English and French: North America, Caribbean, Indian Ocean • Seven Years’ War (1756-1763): First global war. British emerge victorious as the world’s dominant maritime power.

3. Chapter One:New Amsterdam Becomes New York THE DUTCH IN THE EARLY 1600s WHO WERE THEY? • What kind of government did the Dutch have? • What religion did they practice? • What drove their desire for global commerce and trade?

4. Chapter One:New Amsterdam Becomes New York THE DUTCH IN THE EARLY 1600s WHO WERE THEY? • Fighting the “Eighty Years War” (1568-1648) for independence against Spanish Catholic Hapsburgs (the Dutch were Protestants). • Dutch Republic declared in 1588 (had formally broken away from Spain in 1581, although they still had to fight for formal recognition) • Dutch Republic recognized internationally with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 (other parts of the Lowlands, like Belgium, still under Hapsburg control). • Dutch East India Company (VOC) founded in 1602 • Dutch West India Company founded in 1621 • Colonizing part of Brazil from 1630 to 1654; ceded back to Portugal in 1661

5. Chapter One:New Amsterdam Becomes New York Dutch Republic in the 1600s: “An Embarrassment of Riches” Rembrant Harmenszoon van Rijn (1606-1669), The Syndics of the Clothmaker's Guild (The Staalmeesters) (1662)

6. Chapter One:New Amsterdam Becomes New York Directors - General of New Amsterdam • Cornelis Jacobszoon May (1624 – 1625) • Willem Verhulst (1625 – 1626) • Peter Minuit (1626 – 1632) • Sebastiaen Jansen Krol (1632 – 1633) • Wouter van Twiller (1633 – 1638) • Willem Kieft (1638 – 1647) • Petrus Stuyvesant (1647 – 1664)

7. Chapter One:New Amsterdam Becomes New York Early New Amsterdam • 1524 – Giovanni di Verrazzano sails into New York Bay but does not land, exploring for France • 1526 – Portuguese explorer Esteban Gomez sailing for Spain also sails into the bay. • 1609 – Englishman Henry Hudson sails into the bay for the Netherlands and trades with Indians; sails up the “North River” as far as Albany. • 1614 – New Netherland Company founded, but fails to get a colony off the ground. Builds fort Castle Island in the Hudson near Albany as fur trading post, but abandoned after a few years due to flooding. • 1621 – Dutch West India Company chartered • 1624 – Settlers arrive in New York Bay. Settlement on Nut Island. • 1625: New Amsterdam created on southern tip of Manhattan. • 1629 – Patroon system created upstate, including Rensselaerwyck

8. Chapter One:New Amsterdam Becomes New York Early New Amsterdam • 1643-45 – Kieft’s War • 1647 – Stuyvesant takes control • 1649 – “Foot patrol” begins policing the city. • 1652-1653 – Anglo-Dutch War • 1653 – Asser Levy and twenty-three Jews arrive in New Amsterdam as refugees from Brazil • 1657 – “Flushing Remonstrance” • 1664 – Stuyvesant signs articles of surrender on September 8, with no shots fired.