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Anatomy for Nutrition’s Sake

Anatomy for Nutrition’s Sake. Chapter 3. The Digestive System. The gastrointestinal tract Layers of the GI tract wall Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine (colon). The Gastrointestinal Tract. Mouth Chewing Saliva Swallowing Esophagus

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Anatomy for Nutrition’s Sake

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  1. Anatomy for Nutrition’s Sake Chapter 3  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth

  2. The Digestive System • The gastrointestinal tract • Layers of the GI tract wall • Mouth • Esophagus • Stomach • Small intestine • Large intestine (colon)  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth

  3. The Gastrointestinal Tract • Mouth • Chewing • Saliva • Swallowing • Esophagus • Passes bolus from mouth to stomach  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth

  4. The Gastrointestinal Tract • Stomach • Stores food • Forms chyme (semi-liquid blend of food & gastric secretions) • Controls movement of chyme into small intestine  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth

  5. The Gastrointestinal Tract • Small intestine • Primary organ of digestion & absorption • Adds bile & enzymes to chyme to complete digestion • Absorbs nutrients into blood & lymph  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth

  6. The Gastrointestinal Tract • Large intestine • Absorbs dissolved minerals & water • Eliminates waste products • Harbors bacteria  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth

  7. The Digestive System • Accessory organs of digestion • Liver • Makes bile • Gallbladder • Stores & releases bile • Pancreas • Makes bicarbonate & digestive enzymes (exocrine functions)  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth

  8. Metabolism • Breaking down nutrients for energy • Carbohydrate to glucose (catabolic) & glycogen (anabolic) • Protein to amino acids (catabolic) & then to glucose, fat, or protein (anabolic) • Fat/fat-soluble nutrients packaged in chylomicrons, then other lipoproteins  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth

  9. Other Systems • Bones • Muscles • Nerves • Lungs • Reproductive organs  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth

  10. Let Foods Be Your Medicine • Functional foods • Visit the local grocery store • Follow the research • Incorporate functional foods into your daily diet  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth

  11. Do Your Genes Affect What’s in Your Jeans? • Ancient ancestors’ eating habits vs. the way we eat today • How ancient habits & eating patterns affect likelihood of developing chronic diseases • Foods found in modern diets that were generally unavailable to our prehistoric ancestors  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth

  12. Gut Feelings--Common Digestive Problems • Hiccups • Causes • Potential “cures”  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth

  13. Gut Feelings--Common Digestive Problems • Constipation • Definition - bowl movements ≤3 times per week • Causes • Treatment • Diet: 20-35 g/fiber per day • Lifestyle changes • Laxatives  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth

  14. Gut Feelings--Common Digestive Problems • Hemorrhoids • Complication of constipation • Signs & symptoms • Treatment • Tub baths • Hemorrhoidal cream or suppository  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth

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