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Towards “Payment for Ecosystem Services” in Turkey

Towards “Payment for Ecosystem Services” in Turkey. Dr. Sedat Kalem WWF-Turkey Conservation Director skalem@wwf.org.tr. PES: linking nature with economy. Treat nature as ecosystem Human and all sectors are part of this ecosystem Ecosystem approach connects human and nature

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Towards “Payment for Ecosystem Services” in Turkey

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  1. Towards “Payment for Ecosystem Services” in Turkey Dr. Sedat Kalem WWF-Turkey Conservation Director skalem@wwf.org.tr

  2. PES: linking nature with economy • Treat nature as ecosystem • Human and all sectors are part of this ecosystem • Ecosystem approach connects human and nature • We need Nature for Water (irrigation, industry, tourism, urban etc.) • The services of ecosystems should be recognized • We need paragidm shift: “Nature for Water” • Economy could be linked with environment via PES! • “We damaged nature for economy (consumption), we need to restore it back with (tools of) economy”

  3. Turkey: a snapshot of nature, water, and socio-economy

  4. Turkey: a snapshot of nature, water, and socio-economy • Biodiversity • 9.000+ plants / 3.000+ endemic / 122 IBAs • 450+ birds /165 IBAs; 17 marine turtle nesting beaches... • Water • Available 1.450 m3/person/year: “water poor” state approaching • Water “footprint” per person: TUR: 1.615 m3 > World: 1.240 m3 • Half of the wetlands (1.200.000 ha) lost in the last 40 years • Water use: irrigation (72%) + house (18%) + industry (10%) • Climate change: more felt in the Med • Main issues: illegal consumption, overuse, contamination • Socio-Economy • 17th largest economy in the world: GNI 800 billion US$ (2008) • The share of the agriculture sector decreasing... • So ...

  5. Evaluation of the PES potential • Irrigation related problems: • irrigated land: 5 million ha • loss of surface and groundwater • loss of wetlands • salinization • The CATAK Project (2006-10): Seyfe, Eregli, Sultansazligi, Kovada • Aims: • Protection of soil and water quality • Sustainability of renewable natural resources • Raising public awareness at local level • Outcomes: • Site-based approach is good, but • integration of land use and agri- policies at wider level essential

  6. WWF-TR and the Konya case WWF-Turkey is involved in irrigation-environment-water issues thru; • Wetland-River Basin Management Projects: intro of the IRBM approach • Nearly 5.500 decars of pilot implementation of drip irrigation • “Complementary Financing for Env in the Context of EU Accession – National Level Analysis” Current Situation: Tuz Lake & Eregli Sazligi • Problems: overuse of water + salinization (problem) • Cost-guarantee for sugar beet (advantage) Options • Shifting to drip irrigation • Changing crop pattern > expected results: less use of water, energy, pesticide, less pressure on wetlands... The cost of shift from traditional irrigation: • Drip irrigation: 362-533 Euro/ha • Drip irrigation + crop change: 1.300-0 Euro/ha • This amount of money should be covered by PES

  7. Conclusions from the Konya case • Crop pattern should be controlled, geographically appropriate; env-friendly • The local irrigation unions & marketing cooperatives should be strengtened. • Water comsumption should be main criteria • Registration of farmers and database system is crucial • Incentives should support environmental aspects • The current agri- legislation provides opportunity for env friendly practices • Water pricing should be revised for all sectors: “users and polluters pay” • Integrating community and market is essential + capacity building • Promote organic farming where biodiversity is substantially damaged • State can pay PES as a supporting mechanism • Consumers could share this “opportunity cost” to sustain farming in the reg. • Private sector (using thirsty crops) could be a key actor in impl. PES.

  8. MESSAGES for PES • PES is a new concept and it needs to be well understood through awareness raising. • PES procedures should be integrated in River Basin Planning and National Land-Water Use Planning. • The IWRM (Integrated Water Resource Management) process should include all related sectors in the PES. • The finance of PES should be integrated into incentives, taxesand/or market prices. • The PES process should include local and regional scale pilot activities with specific crops, irrigation systems.

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