1 / 7

Ch. 10 Cause and Effect - Overview

Ch. 10 Cause and Effect - Overview. Cause and Effect = “analyzes why something happens” (321). Cause and Effect = always based on a Narrative: you can’t answer why something happened unless you clearly know what happened.

kalila
Download Presentation

Ch. 10 Cause and Effect - Overview

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Ch. 10 Cause and Effect - Overview • Cause and Effect = “analyzes why something happens” (321). • Cause and Effect = always based on a Narrative: you can’t answer why something happened unless you clearly know what happened. • “Cause and effect, like narration, links situations and events together in time, with causes preceding effects. But causality involves more than sequence” (321)

  2. Two Categories of Causes • Main cause vs. contributory cause (323-24) • Immediate cause vs. remote cause (324-25) In explaining causes, always make sure you have main and remote causes in your essay.

  3. Prewriting & Arranging #1: Classification/Division Method • See immigration examples on pp 321-322: • Topic: One effect. Body: Explain its many causes (each cause is a body paragraph) Immigration example on page 321. • Topic: One cause. Body: Explain its many effects (each effect is a body paragraph) Immigration example on page 322.

  4. Prewriting & Arranging #2: Causal Chain Method • Causal chain = “the result of one action is the cause of another” (325) • Body 1: A causes B, • Body 2: B causes C, • Body 3: C causes D, • and so on “Leaving out any link in the chain, or putting any link in improper order, destroys the logic and continuity of the chain” (331)

  5. Prewriting & Arranging #2: Causal Chain Method Example (325) Why do some retired generals believe that global warming may threaten U.S. national security? • Remote & Main Cause: Global warming causes worldwide climate change, like droughts. • Climate change, like droughts, cause people to leave their homelands in search a better climate, like clean water. • All of these people become refugees, which cause large refugee camps. • The resulting refugee camps become a breeding ground for terrorists. • These terrorists threaten U.S. national security.

  6. Don’t Confuse Chronology with Causality Avoiding Post Hoc Reasoning = Don’t assume that just because A precedes B, that A caused B. It just may be coincidence! (326)

  7. Student Example & Peer Edit Sheet Evelyn Pellicane “The Irish Famine, 1845-1849” (333-334) – a backwards Causal Chain: What caused and prolonged the Irish Famine, 1845-1849? • Body 1: Immediate cause: A) Crop failure, leading to B) starvation and easy eviction of Irish tenants • Body 2: B) Easy eviction of Irish tenants because C) most British landlords didn’t care • Body 3: C) Most British landlords didn’t care because D) British government policies sided with Britain over Ireland. • Body 4: Remote cause: D) British government sided with Britain over Ireland because E) the British had a long-standing prejudice against the Irish. • Body 5: One paragraph, explaining various effects of the Irish Famine: Population reduction, beggars, epidemics, mass immigration to other countries, poverty. Peer Editing Worksheet: Cause and Effect (336)

More Related