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Factors Affecting Learning

Factors Affecting Learning. Transfer Previously learned tasks play a role in learning new tasks. Positive Transfer Previously learned responses help learn a new task Ex: Knowing Spanish can help you learn French. Low-Road Transfer Learned skill used in a new, but similar setting

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Factors Affecting Learning

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  1. Factors Affecting Learning

  2. TransferPreviously learned tasks play a role in learning new tasks • Positive Transfer • Previously learned responses help learn a new task • Ex: Knowing Spanish can help you learn French • Low-Road Transfer • Learned skill used in a new, but similar setting • Ex: Driving someone else’s car • Negative Transfer • Previously learned responses obstructs learning • Ex: Grammar rules, “I before E except after C” • Species. • High-Road Transfer • Learned skill used in a new, and different setting • Ex: Learning to drive a manual transmission having only driven automatic

  3. Learning to Learn • Harry Harlow • Animals can learn to learn • Monkey had to find a raisin underneath a lid • Always under the same lid • Monkey learned this • Changed lids, still under the same one

  4. Learned Behaviors Learned Helplessness Learned Laziness Rewards come without effort Never learn to work • Pain comes no matter the effort • Major cause of depression • College kids and loud music

  5. Learned Helplessness • Seligman sees 3 important elements • Stability: helplessness comes from permanent characteristic • Believing there is nothing you can do to get good grades • Globality: specificity of the helplessness • Believing you are no good at psychology, or no good in school • Internality: “where” the problem is • Believing you are no good at psychology, or I am not a good teacher

  6. Shaping • Reinforcement is used to sculpt new responses out of old ones • Rewarding small actions to build up to larger ones. • Educational uses

  7. Practice • The repetition of a task • Helps to bind responses together • Causes smooth, fluent movement from response to response • Better to practice over a period of time • Mental practice

  8. Learning Complicated Skills • Most activities are more than single stimulus and response • Shaping shows us what responses are needed • Must be able to put new responses together • Response Chains: responses that follow one another in sequence • Brushing your teeth • Response Patterns: combining several response chains • Getting ready for bed

  9. Response Chains

  10. Modeling • Group learning – behavior of others increases our chance of joining in on that behavior • Standing ovation • Observational Learning – we watch someone perform a behavior and then later we do it ourselves • Learning to talk • Disinhibition – watch someone engage in threatening activity with no punishments, lose fear of activity • Public speaking

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