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Introduction. Three Influenza Pandemics in the 20th Century1918 Spanish Influenza (A/H1N1)~50 million deaths globally1957 Asian Influenza (A/H2N2) ~2 million deaths globally, ~70K deaths in the US1968 Hong Kong Influenza (A/H3N2)~1 millions deaths globally, ~34K deaths in the US . Intro
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1. Indications and Warning of Pandemic Influenza Compared to Seasonal Influenza Authors:
Aimee Reilly, Emily Iarocci, Carrianne Jung, David Hartley, Noele Nelson
Pandemic Influenza Research Case Study Group
Presenter:
Noele Nelson, MD, PhD
Deputy Director, Division Integrated Biodefense
ISIS Center, Georgetown University
2. Introduction Three Influenza Pandemics in the 20th Century
1918 Spanish Influenza (A/H1N1)
~50 million deaths globally
1957 Asian Influenza (A/H2N2)
~2 million deaths globally, ~70K deaths in the US
1968 Hong Kong Influenza (A/H3N2)
~1 millions deaths globally, ~34K deaths in the US
3. Introduction “When” (not “if”) will the world experience the next pandemic influenza?
Concerns regarding the recently emerged avian A/H5N1
Severity will depend on a variety of factors
Molecular, social, economic, medical, and public health
4. Background Early warning of potential outbreaks and situational awareness is critical
Effective, real-time global influenza surveillance
We have taken a novel approach
Monitor media sources for markers of social disruption indicative of anomalous disease activity
Develop an indications and warning (I&W) taxonomy of pandemic influenza
Identify pandemic I&W signature, compare to seasonal year
Study period: 1967-68
5. Methodology Collection
Focus on Southeast Asia
Hong Kong, Southern China
~120 source-months of articles from 1967-1968
Library of Congress, Georgetown University Library
1 Chinese and 4 English language sources
China News, China Mail, Hong Kong Tiger Standard,
South China Morning Post (SCMP),
Xin Wan Bao (Chinese)
6. Methodology Pandemic Influenza Taxonomy
91 parameters
Disease, region and culture specific
Direct Indicators
Indirect Indicators (social disruption factors)
7. Methodology - Pandemic Taxonomy