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Living things and the Environment

Living things and the Environment. Habitat: An environment that provides an organism with its needs to live, grow and reproduce. One area may contain many habitats Biotic Factors: the living of an habitat Examples: plants and animals Abiotic Factors: the nonliving part of a habitat

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Living things and the Environment

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  1. Living things and the Environment

  2. Habitat: An environment that provides an organism with its needs to live, grow and reproduce.One area may contain many habitats • Biotic Factors: the living of an habitat • Examples: plants and animals • Abiotic Factors: the nonliving part of a habitat • Examples: water, sunlight, oxygen, temperature, & soil

  3. Levels of Organization • 1. Individual: most basic level of organization • 2. Population: all of the members of one species in a particular area • Species: a group of organisms that are similar and can reproduce • Example: all the deer in Solon, all the pigeons on NYC

  4. * 2. Community: all the different populations that live together in an area.-must live close enough to interact 3. Ecosystem: the community of organisms that live together in a particular area along with the nonliving surroundings

  5. Determining Populations • Direct Observation: counting all the members in an area • 2. Indirect Observation: counting the “signs” of an organism and estimating the population • Example: bird nests, foot prints

  6. 3. Sampling: approximation of a population by counting a smaller area • 4. Mark and Recapture: Catch a number of individuals, mark them. Return to the area at a later date and catch individuals again. Mathematically compare the number originally marked to the number recaptured.

  7. * • What counting method would you use to determine the population of: • Grizzly bears in a national park? • Grasshoppers in a field? • Blue herons in a pond area?

  8. Changes in Population Birth/Death Rate: the number of individuals that are born or die over a specific time Birth Rate > Death Rate = Pop. Increases Death Rate > Birth Rate = Pop Decreases Immigration/Emigration: the number of individuals joining or leaving a population

  9. Limiting Factors in Population Size • Limiting factors are environmental factors that cause a population to decrease or remain unchanged • 1. Food and Water • Because organisms require food and water, the amount of resources will determine the populations “ Carrying Capacity”

  10. * • Carrying capacity: the largest population an area can support with its resources • 2. Space: organisms need a certain amount of space to thrive, if this space is not available the population will decrease. • Examples: plants, birds (nesting sites)

  11. * • 3. Weather: conditions, such as temperature or rainfall, can limit populations. • Cold temperatures can kill both plant and animal offspring • Hurricanes can flood and destroy habitats

  12. Survival Options! • What are the 3 options an organism has if the environment is not optimal for survival? • 1. migrate to better place • 2. adapt to fit environment • 3. die

  13. Page 17 – Population graph • 1. In what year did the rabbit population reach its highest point? • 2. What was the size of the population in that year? • 3. Not counting the first year of the study, what year was the rabbit population the lowest? • In year 4 to 5, what could have caused the population to decrease?

  14. Which is an example of an abiotic factor? • Water • Grass • Trees • Birds • I don’t know

  15. What is an example of a biotic factor? • Oxygen • Algae • Sunlight • Soil • I don’t know

  16. What might happen if the biotic and abiotic needs are not met by the organism’s habitat? • More reproduction happens • Animals move into the area • Animals move out of the area • I don’t know

  17. How is the population of a species affected by an increase in immigration? • Population increases • Population decreases • Population stays the same • I don’t know

  18. What is an example of a factor that limits population size? • Increase in space • Decrease in predators • Decrease in food • Increase in birth rate

  19. The amount of organisms that can be supported in an area is called the • Population • Carrying capacity • Limiting factor • Estimate • I don’t know

  20. CHALLENGE YOURSELF!!! • SUPPOSE THAT 1,600 SNOW GEESE DIED IN THE SAME YEAR THAT 1,400 WERE BORN. WHAT WOULD THE GROWTH RATE FOR THAT YEAR BE? • WHAT DOES NEGATIVE GROWTH RATE MEAN? • WHAT MIGHT ACCOUNT FOR A DEATH RATE THAT IS HIGHER THAN THE BIRTH RATE?

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