Unit 9 What is intelligence, Anyway?

1. BookⅡ Unit 9 What is intelligence, Anyway? The Second Two Periods Reading and Translation Designed by Shi Yuan

2. Reading and Translation • Review—Memorize the new words • Comprehension of the text • Chinese and English phrases • Words and expressions • Difficult sentences • Assignments

3. aptitude 能力　才能 complacent 自满的 academic 学术的 worthy (of) 值得 estimate 估计 grant 授予 explore 探索 devise 设计　 verbal 词语的 determine 确定 evaluation 评价 numerical　数字的　 deaf 聋的 dumb　哑的 clerk 职员 heartily 沾沾自喜的 uneasy 局促的 for sure 确定地 pick out 挑选 make up 编制 Word-web

4. Comprehension of the textThe organization of the text • Part Ⅰ( para. 1) • What is intelligence? The author’s statement---high score in intelligence tests doesn’t meaning anything. • Part Ⅱ ( paras. 2--7) • Why there is much more in intelligence than just being able to score high on intelligence tests.

5. The frame of Part Ⅱ • ① The author has always been getting high scores, but he thinks it doesn’t mean he is highly intelligent. • ② An example of an auto-repair man • ③ Although the repair-man is not able to get high scores in intelligence tests, he is good at solving mechanical problems, while the author can do nothing. • ④ From the joke the repair-man told the author, he leaves a thought-provoking question—Does high score really meaning something? Obviously not.

6. Comprehension of the text True or False ( ) F 1. My auto repairman once got a score of less than 80 on an intelligence test. I estimated that my auto repairman could not have a score of more than 80 if he took an intelligence test. 2. Although I considered myself far more intelligent than my auto repairman, I had to ask him to fix my car when anything went wrong with it. ( ) T 3. I would not score high in an intelligent test designed by a worker. ( ) T 4. I was good at both physical work and brainwork. ( ) F I would do poor when working with my hands. 5. The numerical evaluation of intelligence is determined by the talented people. ( ) F The numerical evaluation of intelligence is determined by a small subsection of that society as an arbiter of such matters.

7. Direction: fill in the blanks. explores Scientist and science-fiction writer Isaac Asimov ________ the question of intelligence in this article. He begins his recollection of an ______ test on which he had scored far above ______. This indicated that he was a _____ intelligent individual; however, Asimov questions whether such scores are ______ of the attention they receive. To make his point, he gives the example of a garage mechanic who, though lacking in ________ knowledge, has an ability far beyond Asimov’s to ________ causes of automobile problems and solve them. Instead, in an area such as mechanics, Asimov admits that he could be considered quite ______. Intelligence, therefore, is not _______ but relative. This has led Asimov to make an ________ of such aptitude tests, whose worth, it seems, should not be ______________. aptitude normal highly worthy academic determine dumb absolute evaluation taken for granted

8. Main idea of Part Ⅰ • The text starts with the question: • What is Intelligence, Anyway? • After stated his own experience of intelligence test, the author puts forward his point of view: • high score in intelligence tests doesn’t meaning anything.

9. Main idea of Part Ⅱ • In para. 2, The author told that he has always been getting high scores, but he thinks it doesn’t mean he is highly intelligent. • In para. 3, The author stated an example of an auto-repair man as an objection in order to support his point of view. • In para. 4, It tells us that: although the repair-man is not able to get high scores in intelligence tests, he is good at solving mechanical problems, while the author cannot do anything.

10. In para. 5-6, From the joke the repair-man told the author, he leaves a thought-provoking question—Does high score really meaning something? Obviously not. • In para. 7, The author ends the text with only one sentence: And I have an uneasy feeling he had something there.

11. Words and expressions • anyway: at all, in any case, at least • -The maths problem seems easy, but I can't work it out anyway. • -Maybe you can't succeed, but anyway, you can try. • -What are you going to do anyway?

12. aptitude: natural ability or skill　多指天生的能力、才能或技能 • Eg. She has an aptitude for dealing with people. • He showed an aptitude for music at an early age.

13. against: in contrast to or with, have ... as a background • -She looked pale against the dim light in the room. • -The picture looks more beautiful against the light wall. • -Red flags stand out brightly against the blue sky. • -I scored 86 this term as against 70 last term. • -她根据清单检查了盒内的物品。She checked the items in the box against the list.

14. normal: (n.)the usual state or level; (adj.)usual, regular • -Things in the village returned to normal soon after the gossip disappeared with the man and the woman. • -above normal; below normal; normal school • -A man with a normal intelligence/mind can't do such a foolish thing. • -It's only normal that we should expect equal pay.

15. figure • 1. n. • 1) a number • This figure increases to 72 percent during summer vacation. • 2) shape or outline of sb. or sth. • 我可以看见门附近有一个高大的人影。I could see a tall figure near the door. • 3) an important person • 他一夜之间成为著名人物。He became a striking figure overnight. • 2. v. • 1) appear (in a story) • He figures largely in the story. • 所有关于这一问题的书都提到了他。The man figures in all the books on the subject. • 2) think, estimate or consider • I figured that you would arrive before 8:30. • I figured him to be honest. • Collocation: • figure on 料想；估计 • figure out 算出；了解

16. make a big fuss: give someone a lot of attention and treat one well • Make a fuss over your cat when he behaves properly. • Pattern: • make a fuss over / of sb. / sth. 过分关心某人/事 • 她不常见到孙女，所以一旦见到就对她百般宠爱。She doesn't see her granddaughter very often so she makes a real fuss of her granddaughter when she does.

17. register • 1. v. put information into an official list or record; achieve • I registered the car in my name. • 学生们必须在四月底完成新课程的注册。Students have to finish registering for the new course by the end of April. • 2. n. record or list • The old man finally found the register of births and deaths.

18. highly ad. in or to a high degree; very 高度地，非常，极 • e.g. It is highly probable that he changed his name to avoid being tracked down by the police. • The film was highly praised by critics. • Note: speak highly of: 称赞某人 • think highly of: 对… 评价很高

19. simply; • ① only; merely • Eg. Don’t worry, it is simply a scratch. • I took that job simply because the office is near my house. • ② in a plain manner • Eg. The old man lives simply and is dressed simply. • ③ completely; absolutely • Eg. I simply can not understand why did you do such a foolish thing. • She looks simply wonderful in under the glow of the sunset sky.

20. academic: • ① scholarly; theoretical; not practical • Eg. He went abroad for the purpose of academic exchanges. • This question is purely academic. • ② of a college or university • Eg. This is the calendar for academic year 2006-2007.

21. complacent: adj. self-satisfied; pleased with oneself • They held a complacent attitude towards the problem. • 创下世界纪录后，他变得洋洋自得起来。After setting the world record, he became complacent.

22. worthy: adj. deserving sth. like respect, admiration or support, etc. • This book is worthy of careful study. • 报告中有两点特别值得注意。 Two points in this report are especially worthy of notice. • CF: • be worth + money; be worth doing (worth: 值…的，相当于… 的价值的，用作表语，后跟宾语) • worthy of 值得; • worthy to do sth.: 值得做； • worthy (有价值的，值得的，配得上的，相称的)和 worthwhile (值得花时间或精力的)可作定语，但常作表语

23. bent: n. special natural skill or interest • She has a scientific bent. • 他生性爱好音乐。He has a natural bent for music.

24. by my estimate: according to my judgment • estimate: • 1. vt. judge the cost, size, value, etc. of something • I estimated his age at 40. • 估计这棵树至少有700年之久。The tree is estimated to be at least 700 years old. • 2. n. a calculation of the value, size, amount, etc. of something • We got two or three estimates before having the roof repaired. • -By my estimate, he was unlikely to refuse you. • -According to/By the official estimate, over 2200 people were killed in the Albaria earthquake. • Collocation: • at a rough estimate据粗略估计 • by estimate照估计 • form / make an estimate of给…作一估计; 评价

25. take for granted: consider as true or already settled; consider ... as a matter of fact; accept as a matter of course • -Don't take anything for granted. • -I took it for granted that he had been to Canada .

26. hasten: move or act with speed • Eg. Upon learning the news of her husband’s success, she hastened to Beijing. • Seeing the Chairman was to end the discussion, the speaker hastened to his conclusion.

27. explore: v. • 1) search and discover • 很多人用毕生的精力探索宇宙。Many people have spent their whole life exploring the universe. • 2) travel around an area to learn about it • We've come to this country, let's explore!

28. divine oracles: profoundly wise opinions or judgments as if given by God • Eg. Don’t treat his words as divine oracles.

29. suppose: (used to make a suggestion or proposal) I suggest; if • -Suppose we put off the meeting till next week. • -Suppose the acute angle is 30 degrees.

30. devise: think out; plan; design • Eg. He devised a system to put Chinese characters into computers. • She spent days devising how to make money but never really did anything.

31. moron: “moron” is the highest classification of mental deficiency, even above imbecile and idiot. These terms, no longer in professional use in the US , are meant as insults today. • -You are a total imbecile! • -Stop behaving like an idiot! • -We expect morons like you to say such stupid things.

32. determine: vt. control or influence something directly, or to decide what will happen • He determined to go at once. • 可获得的水量决定了可以建造的房屋数量。The amount of available water determines the number of houses that can be built. • Collocation: • be determined to do sth. 决心做某事 • determine on / upon决定 • determined effort坚定的努力 • determine sb. against sth. 使某人决定不做某事 • determine sb. to do sth. 使某人决定做某事

33. foist on: try to get someone to accept something worthless or unwanted • They didn’t invite him to go out with them, but he foisted himself on them. • 他是教徒, 但他不想把自己的信仰强加于人。He's religious but he doesn't try to foist his beliefs on everyone.

34. arbiter: n. someone who makes a judgment or solves an argument or decides what will be done • He acted as an arbiter. • 实验是科学的最后仲裁者。Experiment is the final arbiter in science.

35. joke • 1. n. something said or done for laughter or amusement • She told us an old joke about the Englishman and the Irishman. • 戏谑永远不能化敌为友, 反而常常失去朋友。A joke never gains an enemy but often loses a friend. • 2. vi. tell or play jokes; to speak in fun • I was only joking just now. • They joked about my mistake afterwards for a long time. • Collocation: • blue jokes下流的笑话 • crack / cut / make a 说笑话 • have a joke 说笑话，开玩笑 • in joke闹着玩地 • no joke 不是闹着玩的，不容易的事 • play a joke on sb. 开某人玩笑

36. dumb: adj. permanently or temporarily unable to speak • He was born dumb. • They remained dumb at the meeting. • 看到眼前的景象，他说不出话来。He was struck dumb by what he had seen.

37. pick out • 1) choose • She picked out a bottle of wine that she particularly liked. • I’m going to pick out a few books for my friend in Shanghai. • 2) recognize • At once I picked out my elder sister in the crowd. • 他的房子有一扇黑色的大门，很容易从其余的房子中区别出来。 • His house is easily picked out from the rest for it has a large black door. • Collocation: • pick and steal 扒窃 • pick up with偶然认识 • pick up拾起

38. motion: n. • 1) the process of moving or the way that someone or something moves • We are all quite familiar with Newton's first law of motion. • 船身剧烈的运动让她恶心。The violent motion of the ship made her sick. • 2) a single movement of your hand or head to communicate something • He summoned the waiter with a motion of his hand.

39. whereupon: upon that; immediately following that • -I described my disastrous morning, whereupon, he laughed and laughed. • -The unsuspecting teacher pulled out the drawer; whereupon, a dozen frogs leaped out. • -The young man saw an old lady getting on the bus, whereupon, he offered her his seat. • -The naughty boy made a face in class, whereupon, his classmates burst into laughter. • Note: The word “whereupon” is used in our people with your trick?

40. heartily: in a warm, friendly way, with good will, vigorously • -We welcomed our friends heartily. • -After holidays, they threw themselves heartily into their work.

41. smugly: adv. too pleased or satisfied about something you have achieved or something you know • I own three cars and two boats, he said smugly. • NB: • smug是其形容词形式，与其搭配的介词主要是about, 名词主要有expression, look, face, smile等。例如：What are you looking so smug about?

42. Try on: test on • -He tried the new drug on the money. • -Never buy shoes without trying them on first.

43. goddamned: Strongly cursed or damned • Eg. This expression is used as a strong expletive, often shortened to goddamn, considered inappropriate in polite society or formal occasions. And students of English are not advised to use it.

44. uneasy: adj. anxious, awkward, not easy in mind or body • The farmers were uneasy until it finally rained. • 那个男孩焦急地等候消息有一个小时了。The boy spent an uneasy hour waiting for the news.

45. Difficult sentences • When I was in the army I received a kind of aptitude test that all soldiers took and, against a normal of 100, scored 160. • 当我在部队服役时，我曾参加过一个所有士兵都参加的智能测验，在标准得分为100分的情况下，我得了160分。 • Actually, though, don’t such scores simply mean that I am very good at answering the type of academic questions that are considered worthy of answers by the people who make up the intelligence tests — people with intellectual bents similar to mine? • 然而，实际上，难道这类分数不是仅仅意味着我很善于回答那些编制智力测验的人们 —— 智力爱好跟我类似的人们 —— 认为值得回答的那类学究式的问题吗？

46. By every one of those tests, I’d prove myself a moron. • 每参加一次这样的测验，我都会证明自己时一个笨蛋。 • Its numerical evaluation is determined by a small subsection of that society which has managed to foist itself on the rest of us as an arbiter of such matters. • 它的数值是由那个社会中的一小部分人决定的，他们作为这类事情的仲裁人已设法把他们的意志强加在我们身上。

47. Whereupon my auto repairmanlaughed heartily and said, “Why, you dumb fool, ...” • 我的汽车修理师马上开心地哈哈大笑起来，“啊，你这个笨蛋……” • And I have an uneasy feeling he had something there. • 我有一种不安的感觉：他的话不无道理。

48. Assignments • Read the new words by heart after class, next time we’ll have a dictation. • Read the phrases again and again. • Do the rest exercises. • Preview Writing.