Body Mass Index Hip-To-Waist Ratio

1. Body Mass IndexHip-To-Waist Ratio 12/3/2012 SHMD 139

2. Statistics

3. Statistics

5. Health Risks Associated with Being Overweight • Coronary heart disease • Hypertension • Hypercholesterolemia • Diabetes

6. Health Risks Associated with Being Overweight There are also health risks associated with being too thin! • The body reacts to the lack of food by becoming extremely thin • developing brittle hair and nails • dry skin • constipation, diarrhea • reduced muscle mass, loss of menstrual cycle • swelling of joints • heart problems • osteoporosis • mental health issues • death

7. Pg 169 Body Mass Index • BMI: A measure of body composition using a height-weight formula • BMI is used to give us an idea of whether the client is obese, and the extent of their obesity • Formula: • Body mass index (BMI) = weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squares • BMI = kg h2 • BMI unit of measurement: kg/m2

8. Pg 169 BMI example • A man weighs 86 kilograms, and is 1.89 meters tall. Calculate his BMI. • BMI = kg h2 • BMI = 86 1.892 • BMI = 24.1 kg/m2

9. Pg 169 BMI Classification

10. Pg 169 Implications of BMI As BMI increases above the range of ‘obese’, so the risk increases for cardiovascular complications (including hypertension & stroke), cancer, diabetes etc.

11. Pg 169 BMI Limitations • BMI does not actually measure body composition. • It can be used as a quick measurement to check if an individual is overweight, but it is inaccurate. • BMI does not distinguish between fat and muscle. • Muscle is denser, thus heavier than fat. • i.e. A person with a lot of muscle may be inaccurately described as obese.

12. HEIGHT • Stand with heels together • Buttocks and upper back must be touching the wall • Head must straight, eyes looking forward. Do not tilt the head up or down. • The subject must try make themselves as tall as possible without lifting their heels or tilting their heads • Place the head board flat on the subjects head, compressing the hair as much as possible. • Record to the nearest 0.5cm

13. WEIGHT • Check that the scale is reading zero, if it is not, set it back to zero • The subject should be barefoot and have minimal clothing on. i.e. Nothing in their pockets such as cellphones, keys etc., take off heavy belts, jackets, & jewellery • The subject should stand in the centre of the scale, with weight evenly distributed on both feet

14. Examples

15. Hip-To-Waist Ratio • Hip-to-waist ratio (HWR) is taken as an indicator of the health risks associated with obesity, and in particular the risk of coronary heart disease. Regional Fat Deposition • Fat stored in the abdominal area is a greater risk factor for CHD because it is closer to the heart and can easily mobilise into the blood stream and be taken to the heart.

16. Hip-To-Waist Ratio • Males store more fat centrally and have increased health risks associated with body fatness. Higher health risk Lower health risk

17. Pg 169 Hip-To-Waist Ratio • Hip-to-waist ratio = waist measurement in centimetres divided by hip measurement in centimetres. • HWR = waist (cm) hip (cm)

18. Pg 169 Hip-To-Waist Ratio Classification

19. Hip-To-Waist Ratio example • A female has a waist measurement of 68cm, and a hip measurement of 101cm. Calculate her HWR. • HWR = waist (cm) hip (cm) • HWR = 68 cm 101cm • HWR = 0.67 • Classification: Low risk

20. Pg 169 Waist Measurement • Taken at the level of the belly button, with the stomach muscles relaxed and after normal expiration. • The tape measure is put around the waist and a horizontal reading is taken. • Ensure the tape is level all the way around. • Take the reading from the side, not the front; respect the person’s personal space.

21. Pg 169 Hip Measurement • Is taken with the client standing up, with their feet together. • The measurement is taken at the widest circumference around the hips. • Ensure the tape is level all the way around. • Take measurement from the side, respect their personal space.

22. Body Fat & Sports Performance Jockey: Average weight: 50.44kg Average height: 1.57m BMI: 20.46 Sumo Wrestler: Average weight: 219kg Average height: 1.91m BMI: 60.03

23. Body Fat & Sports Performance • Excess body fat can negatively influence many types of sport performance requiring jumping and running. • High ratios of fat free mass to fat mass are generally positively related to sport. • Athletes are leaner than sedentary individuals – regardless of gender. • Extremely low fat mass in women can result in health problems (Refer: “too thin”).

24. Body Fat & Sports Performance Swimmer Rugby player Ballet dancer Sumo Wrestler Volleyball player Body builder

25. Questions • What do the following abbreviations stand for: • BMI 2 • WHR 2 • What is the unit of measurement for BMI? 1 • What are the risks associated with being overweight? 4 • List 8 risks associated with being underweight. 8 • What is BMI; and what is it used for? 4 • What is the calculation used for BMI? 2 • A man weighs 76kg and is 1.71m tall. Calculate his BMI. 2 • In tabular form, write down the categories and range of BMI. 12 • What are the implications of a high BMI? 2 • What are the limitations of BMI? 3 • Write down the procedure for measuring height and weight. 10

26. Questions • What is the WHR used for? 2 • Differentiate between the ‘apple’ and ‘pear’ body shape, also explain which one is of greater risk and why. 6 • Which shape is generally associated with males, and which shape is generally associated with females? 2 • What is the formula for measuring WHR? 2 • If a woman has a waist measurement of 72cm, and a hip measurement of 110cm, calculate her WHR. 2 • Describe the procedure for measuring WHR. 8 • How would BMI differ between a race horse jockey and a sumo wrestler, and why? 6 • How does the body composition of a ballet dancer differ from that of a body builder? 4