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Governance Reform in Karnataka

Governance Reform in Karnataka. Vikram K. Chand World Bank April 26, 2004. The Context. Reformist Government elected in late 1999. Pressures from below for change in system. Legacy of highly skilled civil service. Key Challenges. Improving the quality of services.

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Governance Reform in Karnataka

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  1. Governance Reform in Karnataka Vikram K. Chand World Bank April 26, 2004

  2. The Context • Reformist Government elected in late 1999. • Pressures from below for change in system. • Legacy of highly skilled civil service.

  3. Key Challenges • Improving the quality of services. • Reducing political interference. • Combating corruption.

  4. Bangalore’s Service Delivery Miracle • Dramatic improvements in service delivery. • Report cards issued by the Public Affairs Center (PAC). • Survey commissioned by the Bangalore Agenda Task Force (BATF).

  5. Improvements in Satisfaction: Public Services in Bangalore Source : PAC

  6. Large Decline in Corruption Corruption across Three Report Cards 100 80 60 25 % who paid 40 32 20 19 14 9 22 0 1994 1999 2003 Year General Households Slum Source: PAC

  7. Trends: Services in Bangalore Source: BATF

  8. Computerization of Land Records • 20 million land records computerized. • Results: • Steep reduction in bribes • Faster delivery times • Fewer errors • Travel to Taluq offices still necessary.

  9. Enhancing Transparency in Government • Transparency in Tenders and Procurement. • Model law on Right to Information (RTI). • RTI adopted despite stiff resistance. • NGO’s push for RTI implementation.

  10. Frequent Civil Servant Transfers • Market in buying and selling of posts. • Politicians use transfers for patronage. • Frequent transfers hurt service delivery.

  11. Krishna (current) Bangarappa Moily Devegowda Patel Overall Transfers/Karnataka

  12. Controlling Transfers • Cadre management committees. • Quantitative caps on transfers. • Computerized transfer process. • Mass transfers reduced – sustainable?

  13. Anti-corruption Enforcement • Strongest Lok Ayukta (Ombudsman) in India. • Investigates corruption/maladministration. • Budget US$1.6 million; five hundred officers. • Activist Judge appointed in June, 2001.

  14. Lok Ayukta: Focus on Service Delivery • Investigations: • Drug adulteration • Public hospitals (absenteeism, exploitation) • Transport and registration departments. • Corruption in municipal government • Volume of complaints triple in one year. Wide publicity may be the best way to check corruption when courts don’t work...

  15. Lok Ayukta In Action

  16. Key lessons from Karnataka • Political commitment crucial for reform. • Administrative reformers empowered. • Civil society stoke pressure for change. • BATF: Model of public-private partnership. • Synergy among key actors in Karnataka.

  17. The Role of the World Bank • Reinforce local initiatives through SALs. • Focus: first fiscal, expand to governance. • Time-table for home-grown reforms. • SALs strengthen reformers in government. • Efforts not uniformly successful.

  18. Future Challenges • Replicating Bangalore model. • Extending service delivery gains to rural areas. • Sustaining political commitment.

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