CRCT Question

1. CRCT Question What layer of the atmosphere is the largest? Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere

2. Quiz Great Job

3. Warming Up With A HEAT Rap

4. Practicing Note Taking Please take out a sheet of paper and title it “Weather Energy & Heat Transfer”

5. The atmosphere is to the earth what the skin of an apple is to the apple. What does this mean?

6. What happens to the heat energy when it reaches the Earth’s surface? Heat always moves from a higher temperature place to a lower temperature place so the energy gets transferred (moved).

7. The scientific name for heat energy is THERMAL ENERGY. We use two common scales Metric uses Celsius USA uses Fahrenheit (Both named after the scientist that came up with the measurements.) 0 degrees C 32 degrees F 100 degrees C 212 degrees F

8. Heat is transferred in three ways: 1. Radiation 2. Conduction 3. Convection

9. Radiation Requires no substance to travel from one place to another. It can move through the vacuum of space . Energy from the sun comes to us through radiation. Video about radiation

10. Conduction http://cache.eb.com/ Heat is transferred from atoms that are touching. It is not carried by a liquid or gas. Example: You walk on a hot sidewalk barefooted and your feet get hot. The heat is moving from the atoms of the sidewalk to your feet. Video segment on conduction

11. The layer of air above the earth is warmed by conduction (the transfer of heat by contact) molecule by molecule from the hot earth to the layer of air touching the sand. The heat is also conducted to your feet when you walk on the beach.

12. Convection occurs when heat is transferred through a liquid or a gas. The heat is carried from one place to another by a convection current. Convection Video about convection

13. Heat warms the atmosphere best when it is in the form ofconvection currents. Convection currents form when heated air expands, becomes lighter, and rises. The heat is carried upward. This is convection! It also happens with liquids.

15. http://www.beodom.com/ Can you name these?

16. Without an atmosphere, the sky would be black like the moon's sky. As light goes through an atmosphere, it gets scattered. This scattered light is what “lights up” the sky. This picture was taken by Apollo astronauts from the surface of the moon. Notice that the ground has light, so it is daytime on the moon where the picture was being taken.

17. http://generalhorticulture.tamu.edu Atmospheric gases act like the glass of a greenhouse and trap heat close to the earth. Video segment on the greenhouse effect

18. Carbon dioxide is one of the major greenhouse gases. The carbon dioxide molecules absorb infrared radiation (heat) and the molecule starts to vibrate. This means it heats up and can transfer that heat to other atoms in the atmosphere.

20. Because of the angle of the sunlight!

21. This means that even though the North Pole could have six months of daylight, the energy is so spread out that it does not provide much heat in an area. Look at the color of the light hitting the earth and how spread out the energy is. It’s like spreading the same amount of peanut butter on bigger and bigger pieces of bread!

22. Not only does energy change due to latitude, it can vary based on the time of year. What does this diagram show?

23. Think, Pair, and Share! • Where does the energy come from that drives our weather? • Which type of radiation is also known as heat? • Why is it good that most UV radiation is blocked by our atmosphere? • How is thermal energy measured? • What is the difference between conduction, convection, and radiation? • What is the greenhouse effect? • What gas seems to have the most effect on our atmosphere? • Why does your location on Earth make a difference in how much heat you get from the sun? • Do you have any questions?

24. Chapter 15 Wind in our atmosphere

25. Wind is caused by the unequal heating of the earth!

26. Important fact! Wind is always named by where it is coming from! What would a wind be named if it is blowing from Georgia to Florida? It is called a NORTH wind because it is moving from the north to the south.

27. Two main types of wind: Local - small area Global - across continents

28. Local winds Most often noticed at the beach!

29. http://www.coolweather.co.uk/ • Land heats up faster than water. • Warm air over land rises. • Air over water moves to shore. • Would occur during the day. • Named a SEA breeze because it comes from the sea.

30. http://www.coolweather.co.uk/ • Land cools off faster than water. • Warm air over water rises. • Cool air from land takes its place. • Would occur at night. • Called a LAND breeze because the wind is coming from the land.

31. Look at these two diagrams. Can you tell which is the land breeze and which is the sea breeze?

32. Global winds 1. Blow steadily from the same direction all the time. 2. The path is curved because of the Coriolis Effect. http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu

33. Jet Stream • In the upper troposphere. • Very fast 200-400 kmh • Go completely around the earth.

34. Notice that the jet stream does not stay the same every day. But it is always there!

35. The jet stream pulls weather across the USA from west to east. jet stream

36. Notice on this weather map in motion how the rain moves toward the east over time.