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Introduction to Bibliology

Introduction to Bibliology. Bibliology –The Doctrine of the Scriptures The English word Bible comes from the Greek word “biblos” meaning a book or little book Other Names: a) The Scriptures – Signifies Holy Writings b) The Sacred Writings c) Holy Scriptures

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Introduction to Bibliology

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  1. Introduction to Bibliology • Bibliology –The Doctrine of the Scriptures • The English word Bible comes from the Greek word “biblos” meaning a book or little book • Other Names: a) The Scriptures – Signifies Holy Writings b) The Sacred Writings c) Holy Scriptures d) The Oracles of God e) The Word of God

  2. Division of Scriptures • The Bible is divided into two sections, the Old Testament and the New Testament • Testament means covenant- God made a covenant with His people • The Bible has (66) books, with (39) in the O.T. and (27) in the N.T. • O.T. is divided into three parts: a) The Law (Torah) b) The Prophets c) The Writings

  3. Division of Scriptures • N. T. is divided into four sections: a) Biographical b) Historical c) Pedagogical d) Prophetic • The Bible was not originally divided into chapters and verses. The chapter divisions were first introduced by Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, who died in 1228 • The N.T. was first published with verse divisions in 1551 by Robert Stephans The first Bible to be published entirely divided into verse was the Geneva Bible of 1560

  4. Writers of Scripture • The Bible was written by at least (40) different authors over a period of not less than 1500 • Most of them never saw or met each other • They came from various occupational backgrounds • Eleven books of the Bible have unknown authors

  5. The Canon of Scripture • Canon – Hebrew and Greek translate the word “canon” as a measuring rod, stick, standard, rule/ruler or list • Canon of Scripture means that the books that are in the Bible are the ones that are inspired by God • Thirty-nine books were written between the 15th and 5th centuries B.C. • Jesus and the New Testament writers quote Old Testament passages nearly three hundred times • Every quote is from the 39 books that have been handed down to us • Many of the 500 Dead Sea Scrolls are commentaries; they only comment on the books in our canon

  6. The Canonicity of ScriptureWhat’s In and What’s Out? • Apocrypha-Fourteen books which were added to the O.T. and were considered to be part of the sacred canon, especially by the Roman Catholic Church • These books were not in the Hebrew Bible, and were rejected by Protestants because… • None were written by prophets; none claimed to be inspired by God, and Jesus never quoted them • The New Testament: Apostolic authority was one of the main test to include a book in the canon • In other words, these men were given their authority to teach the church directly from Jesus, and consciously did it with the help of the Holy Spirit • Early Christians considered the apostle’s writings to be equal with the O.T prophets’ writings

  7. Trouble on the horizon! There were two major developments: • The Empire demanded that Christians surrender their sacred books to be burned • The Christians rise of heretics who claimed new revelation from God and… • The Roman decided that if they were going to die for their Scriptures, they wanted to ensure it was for the right books • In 367 an Egyptian scholar named Athanasius specified the 27 books of the N.T; and thirty years later the Council of Carthage recognized the same list • Hebrews 1:1-2 implies that God is finished writing Scripture, because nothing can exceed what He has already given us through His Son • We believe that God gave and preserved His Word, then led His people to recognize it • We are confident that our Bible is what God wrote; therefore, we should read it, learn it, and obey it

  8. The Test for Canonicity included: • Divine Inspiration-They were God breathed or God inspired • Usage/Spiritual Content – The books were being recognized in the churches and quoted by the church fathers; which means that they were being universally read and used for spiritual edification • Apostolicity-They had to have apostolic authority- they were written by an apostle or close associate. Ex. Luke was a close companion to the Apostle Paul; James and Jude were not apostles, but were the brothers of Jesus • Doctrinal Soundness- Any book containing heresy, or that which was contrary to the already accepted canonical books were rejected

  9. Inerrancy of Scripture • The inerrancy of Scriptures means that in its original autograph the Bible contains no mistakes. And in the original language in which it was written, it is absolutely infallible—without any error • II Timothy 3:16; II Peter 1:20 • The Old Testament writers claimed 3, 808 times to be speaking the word of God • The New Testament writers bear witness to the fact that the O.T. was God speaking -in the Gospels (Mt. 1:22); (Mk 12:36); and in the Epistles (Heb 4:12); (Rev 22:18-19) • Jesus Himself bear witness to the Scripture (Mt 5:18); (Lk 24:44)

  10. Inerrancy of Scripture • The Bible is a revelation of truths about which man can never know apart from what it tells him • The Bible is an unchanging revelation • The Bible is right morally and spiritually • It has worked. It has influenced civilizations, transformed lives, brought light, inspiration and comfort to millions • I Thes 2:13

  11. Inspiration of Scripture • II Timothy 3:16-17 – All Scripture is inspired by God and is useful for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, so that everyone who belongs to God may be proficient, equipped for every good work (the focus is on the writings) • Theopneustos (GK) – inspired by God; breathed out by God (ESV) or God breathed (NIV/TNIV) • The Scriptures have been breathed out by God. They are the direct result of the breath (Spirit) and speech (Word) of God! • It means the entire Bible and every word in it originates from God

  12. Inspiration of Scripture • II Peter 1:20-21 – Above all, you must understand that no prophecy of Scripture came about by the prophet's own interpretation of things. For prophecy never had its origin in the human will, but prophets, though human, spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit-(Pheromenoi) Gk – (focus is on the writers) • Inspiration is not dictation; the Holy Spirit guided the authors so that, while preserving their different personalities and writing styles, they wrote without error the exact thoughts and words of God • The results was so detailed that Jesus said even the smallest letter and mark was correct (Mt 5:18)

  13. Biblical Criticism Liberal Views of Inspiration Neo-Orthodox Views of Inspiration Conservative Views of Inspiration

  14. Revelation, Inspiration, and Illumination • Revelation refers to God’s original revelatory words and deeds themselves (general and special revelation) • Inspiration refers to the way in which the original revelation is recorded for God’s people and for all peoples; it has to do with the communication of the truth • Illumination refers to the work of the Holy spirit that enables us to understand the Scriptures and to appropriate their saving, transforming message

  15. God’s Self-Disclosure The God of the Bible is a God who speaks; from creation down through history He reveals Himself to us • Revelation -an uncovering or unveiling • God created us in His own image for His glory and pleasure so that we could enjoy Him forever • Our knowledge of God is the result of God’s gracious decision and desire to have fellowship with us • God has taken the initiative in making Himself and His truth known to us • He is His own revealer; we are the recipients. God is His only source of knowledge of Himself • God’s revelation is necessary in order for us to know Him because we are so different from Him

  16. God’s Self-Disclosure God reveals Himself in two ways: General Revelation: God has revealed Himself to all people, at all times, and in all places Revelation is that act of God by which He directly communicates truth not known to the human mind ; truth which could not have been known in any other manner It is found in creation, both in nature (Ps 19:1-4; Rm 1:18-25), and in human beings created in God’s image (RM 2:14-16) God’s general revelation does not provide enough information to be saved, only enough to be without excuse for rejecting God

  17. God’s Self-Disclosure Special Revelation: Special revelation is a saving revelation In general revelation, God makes His kingly majesty known in such a way that we are without excuse when we refuse to acknowledge His glory and respond to Him But through special revelation, God takes a further step to fully establish His kingdom He speaks in human history; He calls out a people to Himself to be a witness to all nations; it involves a Holy Land, a Holy People, and a Holy Book This is the most dramatic story ever told, a story found in the most influential book of all time: THE BIBLE!

  18. References 1. Cornish, R.W. 5 Minute Theologian. Colorado Springs, CO; NavPress, 2004. 2. Duffield, G.P; Cleave, N. M. V. Foundations of Pentecostal Theology. LA, Calif; Foursquare Media, 2000. 3. Gonzalez, J. L. A History of Christian Thought: From the beginnings to the Council Chalcedon, Vol. 1. Nashville, TN; Abingdon Press, 1987.

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