1 / 19

Canada’s Ethnic History

Canada’s Ethnic History. In Stages. Canadian Settlement. SIX DISTINCT PHASES: 1. Pre European/ Contact 2. Pre 1812 3. 1812-1867 4. 1885 to WW1 5. WW1 to Post WW2 6. 1960s 7. 1970 and Beyond. Pre European Settlement Before 1608. Indians of the Great Plains Inuit

kamala
Download Presentation

Canada’s Ethnic History

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Canada’s Ethnic History In Stages

  2. Canadian Settlement • SIX DISTINCT PHASES:1. Pre European/ Contact • 2. Pre 1812 • 3. 1812-1867 • 4. 1885 to WW1 • 5. WW1 to Post WW2 • 6. 1960s • 7. 1970 and Beyond

  3. Pre EuropeanSettlementBefore 1608 • Indians of the Great Plains • Inuit • Survival linked to geography/topography • Distinctive cultural patterns • Little hierarchy and subordination

  4. Contact • 1608-1763-Established New France • 350,000 Natives vs. 5000 Europeans • Some trade, more claiming • Voyageurs move inland S. • de Champlain, Brule. • Fur Trade

  5. Pre Conquest • 1660-Two thousand settlers in New France • By 1760- as many as 70,000 settlers • Estate System=Aristocracy, Peasantry, Clergy • Strip Farming • Uni-geniture as opposed to primogeniture.

  6. Pre-Confederation Pre-1812 • Plains of Abraham 1759 • Wolf defeats Montcalm • French aristocracy deserts French peasantry • La Survivance Begins • Upper Canada 55% English and Lower Canada 85% French • Two Solitudes

  7. 1763-1812 • British became the colonizers • Combined with UEL-United Empire Loyalists • Upper Canada-economic immigrants attracted by Lord Simcoe. • Multiple occupations-lawyers, teachers, soldiers, clergyman and mostly farmers (grid pattern) • Yonge Street-road to establishment

  8. 1812-1867 • UPPER CANADA-the bulwark of the British Empire in North America • Lower Canada-French practiced la survivance-resist English, stay on the land, followed the Roman Catholic Church • La Survivance-Fatalism, acceptance of hierarchy, resist English materialism.

  9. 1812 • Underground Railroad-Black and White slave owners • Government initiative to attract immigrants: • Letters from successful settlers • Colonizing companies- Hudson’s Bay, The North West Company

  10. Post-Confederation/Western Settlement/ Post 1867 • Influx of Russian, Ukrainian, Chinese, • Workers on the CPR completed 1885 • Anglo-centric Orange Order predominant • Nativism= Prejudice and discrimination

  11. New Ethnicities • 1881-1884-15,700 Chinese • 1901-23,700 Chinese, 4700 Japanese, 1,700 East Indians • 25% of Labour force in 1901-was from China. • Russian Jews-16,000 • 50,000 Mennonites, Hutterites, Amish- Ana Baptists Hungarians, Ukrainians.

  12. The North-West Rebellion 1885 • The North-West Rebellion was brief and unsuccessful • Uprising by the Métis people under Louis Riel against the Dominion of Canada • Hanging of Louis Riel, • Increased tensions between British Canada and French Canada.

  13. Early Uniculturalism • Metis Rebellion 1885 an illustration of early Uni-culturalism • Crushed largely by the Orange Order • Pro-British • Pro-Protestant • Anti-Catholic • Nativistic

  14. 1885 to WW1 • 1885 CPRs Last Spike • New immigrants from Eastern Europe and Asia • National Policy-John A. Macdonald-initially more interest in British immigrants-less selective when CPR was complete. • Clifford Sifton (Min of Interior under Laurier) sought universalism.

  15. Early 20th centuryto World War 2 • The rapid influx of many newcomers and outsiders result in xenophobia and nativistic movements such as Orangeism. • Canada was a colony of British Imperial power-more British than the British. • The equivalent US movements=Know Nothings, APA..

  16. Post World War Two • Restrictions lifted • More Italian, Jewish, Greek, Northern European immigration • 1946- Italians 731,000, Germans 1.3 million, 385,000 Scand. • Still few visible minorities.

  17. 1960’s • Introduction of the Points System 1967 • Points for occupation, education, family in Canada. • Immigration Policy became less Anglo-centric • Bi & Bi Commission 1963, Multicultural Official 1972.

  18. Refocusing the Cultural Mosaic-1970’s and Beyond • Three levels of immigration -points, family reunification, refugee status • Increasing numbers of visible minorities South Asia, Caribbean and Asia • 250,000 immigrants per year

  19. Summary • Canadian settlement has at least five phases • From relatively homogeneous, spare pop to diverse and tolerant society • Patternslead to Multiculturalism over two centuries • Mosaic the result of accommodation and acculturation.

More Related