흉부외과 PA 김현주

1. The Effect of ThoracoscopicSympathicotomyat the Fourth Rib (R4) for the Treatment of Palmarand AxillaryHyperhidrosis 흉부외과 PA 김현주

2. Introduction • Hyperhidrosis may adversely affect patients’ daily activities • Little is understood about this condition’s mechanism, exacerbating factor, and definite treatment • Exacerbated by emotional stress, psychological factors and increased body weight • Occurs in the axillae, the palms, plantar surface of the feet, and the face • It is estimated to affect 0.6 to 1.0% of the population, generally young adults

3. Positive family history • Primary hyperhidrosis generally manifests in childhood and early adolescence, does not occur during sleep, and can be exacerbated by emotional stress • Excessive sweating of the palms and axillae can cause utmost embarrassment in professional and social interaction • Care is needed to prevent hyperhidrosis from negatively impacting quality of life • Although various treatment options are available, antiperspirant(Driclor), iontophoresis, regional nerve block, and botulinum toxin injection have their limitations • Surgical intervention common and serious side effect is compensatory hyperhidrosis

4. Surgical methods, including resection (sympathectomy), transection (sympathicotomy), and clipping have been discussed • Video-assisted thoracoscopicsympathicotomy accepted globally of treatment for primary palmarhyperhidrosis • Video-assisted thoracoscopicsympathicotomy is targeted and can minimize adverse effects • Procedures that involve R3 or/and R4 sympathetic ganglions are widely accepted and the results have been favorable • Still present with postoperative compensatory sweating or overly dry hands

5. The aim of this study : palmar and axillarhyperhidrosis Video-assisted thoracic sympathicotomy above the third rib (R3) and the fourth rib (R4) compared the outcome of two methods symptoms, satisfaction, recurrence, compensatory sweating

6. Patients and Methods • Palmar and axillaryhyperhidrosis • Thoracoscopicsympathicotomy • From January 1999 to April 2009 133 patients with primary hyperhidrosis R3 : 39 cases - R4 : 94 cases 62 males / 71 females • mean age of 22.5±6.5 years

7. palmer and axillary sweating (in 39.9%) palmer sweating alone (in 33.8%) axillary sweating alone (in 26.3%) • Preop study : Chest radiography, EKG, blood exam. • Indication for surgery: • severe primary palmarhyperhidrosis • significantly interfered with daily life, including work • Patients were randomized into two therapeutic groups

8. Single lumen intubation • General anesthesia in the semi-Fowler’s position • 2 mm trocar / the fourth intercostals space • Lung was collapsed by CO2 gas • T3 or T4 sympathetic chains were then destroyed by electric cautery • Following lung re-expansion by positive inflation with a 6 Fr feeding catheter, the trocar was then removed • Always achieved bilaterally • Performed with a similar method on the contralateral side • No chest drain was used

9. Evaluated through outpatient monitoring • Asked simple questions • Symptom resolution • surgical outcome satisfaction • occurrence/intensity of compensatory sweating • Compensatory sweating - None : not noticeable not interfere with daily activities - Mild : tolerable sometimes interfered with daily activities - Moderate : barely tolerable frequently interfered with daily activities - Severe : intolerable always interfered with daily activities

10. The degree of satisfaction in each patient was recorded “satisfied” or “dissatisfied” • Recurrence was defined as severe discomfort experienced by patients similar to that experienced before surgery, despite improvement in sweating • Data analysis using the independent t-test chi-square test with SPSS 13.0 (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL) A p-value ＜0.05 was considered statistically significant

11. Results • All operations were successfully performed using video-assisted thoracoscopy without associated severe morbidity and mortality • Mild subcutaneous emphysema and residual pneumothorax on follow-up chest radiograph resolved spontaneously, and no further therapy was required

12. * No significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of age, sex, and positive family history

13. “moderate” to “severe” compensatory sweating R3 (71.8%) group than R4 (33%, p=0.02)

14. Comment • The dominating indication for sympathetic surgery is hyperhidrosis of the upper limb • When conservative and medical treatment fails, Video-assisted thoracic sympathicotomy is performed • Difference in surgical technique, sympathicotomy level and surgical procedure (clamp, cut and resect) could impact on the complication rate • But, most common and serious side effect is compensatory hyperhidrosis

15. Selective sympathicotomy is an effective surgical method to eliminate compensatory sweating in the treatment of hyperhidrosis • This study R3 and R4 have similar success rates in the treatment of palmar and axillaryhyperhidrosis. The major side effects of compensatory sweating were effectively reduced by R4 sympathicotomy. In addition, R4 results in remarkable patient satisfaction and quality of life improvement

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