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  1. Thank you for downloading this file. • Making this file available on the internet is a matter of professional courtesy. • In return, I would ask that if you use any of these materials, please cite the work appropriately (per the next slide). • Note that these slides are not the presentation per se; rather, they support the talk. As such, you may not “get the whole story” simply by viewing the show. • I welcome your feedback, so please feel free to e-mail me. • Again, thank you for your interest in this work. -David Silva • To move through show and the animations that have been built in, press the “enter” key.

  2. Language, Networks, and Identity in the Azorean Diaspora One Family’s Sociolinguistic Profile David J. Silva, Vice Provost for Academic Affairs & Professor of Linguistics The University of Texas at Arlington ♦ djsilva@uta.edu ♦ http://ling.uta.edu/~david Narrating the Portuguese Diaspora (1928-2008): International Conference on Storytelling The University of Lisbon ♦ October 23-25, 2008

  3. Levels of Discourse } • Lifetime • Life Stages • Episodes • Paragraphs • Sentences • Phrases • Words • Morphemes • Sounds • Form • Meaning • Function Sign

  4. “lüa” “früta” “nöt” “üvas” “cöves”

  5. More Correspondences 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 üm d ös t r és q u ót r o c i n c o s es s æt öt o u m d o i s t r e s q u a t r o c i n c o s e i s s e t o i t o Standard Portuguese S. Miguel Portuguese

  6. More Correspondences         ü m d ö s t r é s q uó t ro cin co sê s s æ t ö t o u m d o i s t r ê s q u a t r o c i n c o s e i s s é t o i t o Standard Portuguese S. Miguel Portuguese

  7. More Correspondences         ü m ö s é s ó t ro in co ê s æ t ö t o u d o i t r ê q u a c i s e i s é o i Standard Portuguese S. Miguel Portuguese

  8. Standard Portuguese Vowels i u ê ô é ó a i u ô ó ê a é The Portuguese Vowel Shift

  9. S. Miguel Portuguese Vowels i ü u ê ö ô é ó æ (α)

  10. (from the continent) Emigration to the USA

  11. Micaelenses:Minority within the Minority

  12. The Central Questions • To what extent to Micaelenses preserve their native dialect? • Is there evidence of convergence toward a more standard type of Portuguese? • How might varying patterns of language use be understood?

  13. The Methods

  14. The Family

  15. Mother Standard Portuguese i u ê ô ou é ó a • Micaelensismos: • fronted /u/ = [ü] • fronted /ou/ = [ö] • lowered /é/ = [æ] • backed /a/ = [α] • Standard-like Forms: • /ê/ • /ô/ • Surprises: • merged / ô/ and /ó/ • no [u] sound i u ê ô ou ó é a

  16. Eldest Son Standard Portuguese i u ê ô ou é ó a • Micaelensismos: • lowered /ê/ = [ε] • lowered /é/ = [æ] • Standard-like Forms: • /u/ • /ô/ • /ó/ • /a/ • /ou/ • Very Standard i u ô ê ou ó é a

  17. Second Son Standard Portuguese i u ê ô ou é ó a • Micaelensismos: • fronted /u/ = [ü] • fronted /ou/ = [ö] • lowered /é/ = [æ] • backed /a/ = [α] • Standard-like Forms: • /ê/ • /ô/ • /ó/ • Surprises: • no [u] sound i u ê ô ou ó é a

  18. Youngest Son Standard Portuguese i u ê ô ou é ó a • Micaelensismos: • fronted /u/ = [ü] • fronted /ou/ = [ö] • lowered /é/ = [æ] • backed /a/ = [α] • raised /ô/ = [u] • raised /ó/ = [ô] • Standard-like Forms: • /ê/ • Surprises: • Well… none, really i u ô ê ó ou é a

  19. Summary of Behaviors Accommodated Micaelense Stereotyped Micaelense Standard S. Miguel Portuguese Portuguese

  20. Luso ~ Anglo Matrix After Berry 2003

  21. Mico ~ Luso Matrix After Berry 2003

  22. Mico ~ Luso MatrixCouples “outside” partner “inside” partner After Berry 2003

  23. Accommodated SMP StereotypedSMP Portuguese Dominant English Dominant Shifting “Fields” Create New Versions of “Habitus” U.S. English Standard Portuguese Standard Portuguese S. MiguelPortuguese S. MiguelPortuguese

  24. Conclusions • “Telling our stories” reaches into the smallest units • transcends the semantic content of the narrative • even the smallest forms are emblematic • “Who we are” is often about networking • Contact with the Micaelense community preserves stereotyped forms • Contact with larger Lusophone community encourages the adoption of standard forms (at the expense of Micaelense forms) • The clearest markers of Micaelense identity are the fronted vowels [ü] and [ö]

  25. Epilogue: Why Bother? Labov’s Principles of Applied Dialectology • The Principle of Error Correction- inform the public • The Principle of Debt Incurred- serve the public good • The Principle of Linguistic Gratuity- return linguistic favors to the community

  26. Language, Networks, and Identity in the Azorean Diaspora One Family’s Sociolinguistic Profile David J. Silva The University of Texas at Arlington ♦djsilva@uta.edu ♦ http://ling.uta.edu

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