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TOPIC 1

TOPIC 1. TYPES OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT. Types of Hearing Impairment. A loss of sensitivity Auditory nervous system pathology. Important Terms. Time of onset Congenital: present at birth Acquired: obtained after birth Adventitious: acquired after birth. Important Terms.

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TOPIC 1

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  1. TOPIC 1 TYPES OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT

  2. Types of Hearing Impairment • A loss of sensitivity • Auditory nervous system pathology

  3. Important Terms Time of onset • Congenital: present at birth • Acquired: obtained after birth • Adventitious: acquired after birth

  4. Important Terms Time Course • Acute: sudden onset/short duration • Chronic: long duration • Sudden: rapid onset • Gradual: changes slowly over time

  5. Important Terms Time Course • Temporary: limited duration • Permanent: irreversible • Progressive: advancing • Fluctuating: changes in degree over time

  6. Important Terms Number of Ears Involved • Unilateral: Just one • Bilateral: Both

  7. Hearing Sensitivity Loss “The ear is not as sensitive as normal in detecting sound” • Types: • Conductive • Sensorineural • Mixed

  8. Conductive Hearing Loss “Caused by an abnormal reduction or attenuation of sound as it travels from the outer ear to the cochlea”

  9. Conductive Hearing Loss An audiogram of a bilateral conductive hearing loss

  10. Conductive Hearing Loss Differences in the air-bone gap across different types of hearing loss

  11. Sensorineural Hearing Loss “Caused by a failure in the cochlea to transduce the sound from the middle ear to neural impulses in the VIII Nerve.”

  12. Sensorineural Hearing Loss • Implications include: • A reduction in the sensitivity of the receptor cells in the cochlea • A reduction in the frequency resolving power of the cochlea • A reduction in the dynamic range of the system

  13. Sensorineural Hearing Loss An audiogram of a bilateral sensorineural hearing loss

  14. Sensorineural Hearing Loss Differences in the air-bone gap across different types of hearing loss

  15. Mixed Hearing Loss “A loss with both a conductive and sensorineural component.”

  16. Mixed Hearing Loss An audiogram of a bilateral mixed hearing loss

  17. Mixed Hearing Loss Differences in the air-bone gap across different types of hearing loss

  18. Types of Hearing Impairment • A loss of sensitivity • Auditory nervous system pathology

  19. Auditory Nervous System Impairment Causes: • Disease • Disordered auditory nervous system development

  20. Auditory Nervous System Impairment Kinds: • Retrocochlear disorders • Central auditory processing disorders

  21. Auditory Nervous System Impairment • Auditory Characteristics: • Reduced ability to understand speech in a noise background • Problems understanding speech with reduced redundancy • Problems with localization and lateralization • Problems processing normal or altered temporal cues

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