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Number 35

Number 35. The plant hormone responsible for fruit ripening is (A) abscissic acid. (B) auxin . (C) cytokinin . (D) ethylene. (E) gibberellin . . Answer.

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Number 35

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  1. Number 35 The plant hormone responsible for fruit ripening is (A) abscissic acid. (B) auxin. (C) cytokinin. (D) ethylene. (E) gibberellin. www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  2. Answer • The correct answer is (D). Ethylene promotes the ripening of fruit and the production of flowers. Auxins promote the elongation of certain cells and helps in the growth of the plant, mainly in the tips of shoots and roots. Gibberellins promote cell growth and fruit development—not ripening—and seed development. Cytokinins stimulate cell division. Abscissic acid delays seed germination and bud development. www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  3. Number 36 In flowering plants, sperm are produced by the ______. (A) ovary. (B) anther. (C) microsporangium. (D) sporophyte. (E) generative nucleus. www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  4. Answer The correct answer is (B). The anther is associated with the production of sperm in flowering plants, but, more specifically, the structure more closely identified with sperm production in the anther is the generative nucleus. Sporophyterefers to dominant generation among the plant kingdom species and involves the entire organism. All other parts are associated with the female structures. The ovary is where the egg is produced and fertilized and will become the embryo; the megasporangium produces the mother spore cell in tracheophytes that leads to the production of the four haploid cells, one of which will become the egg; and the stigma is the place where pollen grains fall and ultimately grow a pollen tube to the ovary. It is supported by the stigma; both are female reproductive structures. www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  5. Number 37 Which of the following is not a type of plant stem? (A) corm (B) node (C) rhizome (D) tendril (E) tuber www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  6. Answer 37 • The correct answer is (B). A node is a site on the stem where leaves attach—and unattach—at the end of the growing season. They are not, therefore, an example of a stem. Of the other items in the question, all of which are a type of stem, tendrils assist climbing plants as attachment points and tubers; rhizomes and corms are all examples of underground stems. Tubers store large amounts of starch, as in the potato; rhizomes are found in ferns and are involved in vegetative propagation; and corms are specialized leaves that can store food. www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  7. Number 38 How does plant cell cytokinesis differ from the animal cell cytokinesis during telophase? • plant cell forms cell plate • a cleavage furrow is evident • plant cell has a pair of centrioles • the set of chromosome is diploid www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  8. mitosis www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  9. Plant cell v.s. Animal cell in terms of Reproduction www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  10. Number 39 The illustration above shows a growing seedling. Which of the following statements about the seedling is TRUE? • The seedling is exhibiting abscission. • The shoot is exhibiting positive phototropism. • The roots are exhibiting negative gravitropism • The seedling is exhibiting negative thigmotropism. www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  11. Plant Movement (tropism) www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  12. www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  13. Number 40 Which of the following plant structures develops into a seed? A. ovary C. ovule B. anther D. stigma www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  14. Number 41 Which of the following statements most accurately describes the process of double fertilization in angiosperms? • Two pollen grains land on each stigma; thus, two ovules are fertilized. • Two sperm cells produced by a single pollen grain fertilize two separate ovules, resulting in the formation of two seeds. • One sperm cell from a single pollen grain fertilizes an egg cell to form a diploid zygote, while a second sperm cell from the same pollen grain combines with two fused nuclei in the embryo sac, resulting in the formation of a triploid endosperm nucleus. • One sperm cell from a single pollen grain fertilizes an egg cell to form a haploid zygote, while a second sperm cell from the same pollen grain combines with a single nucleus in the embryo sac, resulting in the formation of a diploid endosperm nucleus. • Two sperm cells from a single pollen grain fertilize the same egg cell to double the chance that fertilization will be successful www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  15. Answer The correct answer is (C). When a pollen grain lands on the stigma of a compatible flower, it germinates to form a pollen tube that grows down through the style until it reaches the ovary. Two (haploid) sperm cells travel down the pollen tube and enter the ovule through an opening called the micropyle. One sperm cell fuses with the (haploid) egg cell to form a diploid zygote that divides mitotically and grows into the embryo. The other sperm cell fuses with the central cell of the embryo sac. The central cell is formed by the fusion of two haploid nuclei and is, therefore, diploid. Fusion of a sperm cell with the central cell results in the formation of a triploid cell, referred to as the endosperm nucleus, that divides mitotically to form triploid endosperm tissue, which serves as a nutritive source for the developing embryo. www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  16. collectively known as gynoecium stigma anther style stamens filament carpel Parts of a flower ovary petal (petals = corolla) ovule collectively known as androecium receptacle sepal (sepals = calyx) peduncle www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  17. antipodals polarnuclei egg synergids www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  18. pollen grain pollen tube sperm nuclei tube nucleus stigma mature microgametophyte www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  19. x-section of anther x-section of anther anther ovary germinating seed microspore mother cell ovule sporophyte (2n) megaspore mother cell meiosis meiosis seed Life cycle of an Angiosperm integuments one megaspore (n) survives mitosis seed coat mature embryo sac mitosis cotyledon shoot apex endosperm (3n) mature pollen grain pollen tube embryo (2n) sperm nuclei antipodals endosperm nuclei (3n) tube nucleus polar nuclei zygote (2n) synergids www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com egg

  20. meiosis meiosis mitosis mitosis Life cycle of an Angiosperm Sporophytic phase Gametophytic generation www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  21. Number 42 The tissue that consists of long contractile cells (fibers) that are packed with microfilaments of actin and myosin is known as _____. • epithelial tissue • adipose tissue • fibrous connective tissue • nervous tissue • muscle tissue www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  22. Number 43 Tissue that lines the outer and inner surfaces of the body in protective sheets of tightly packed cells is known as _________ • epithelial tissue • adipose tissue • fibrous connective tissue • nervous tissue • muscle tissue www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  23. Number 44 Blood entering the dorsal aorta has most recently been in the_____. • right atria • right ventricle • left atria • left ventricle • pulmonary vein www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  24. Answer • The correct answer is (D). The left side of the heart serves the systemic portion, the right side, the pulmonary. Blood is received in the atria and pumped out of the ventricles. www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  25. Number 45 Carbon dioxide that is leaving the body is carried in _____. • The plasma • Erythrocytes • Hemoglobin molecules • I only • II only • III only • I and II • I, II, and III www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  26. Answer • The correct answer is (E). About 7 percent of the carbon dioxide molecules are carried in the plasma as bicarbonate ions. The remainder is carried by erythrocytes, either bound to hemoglobin molecules carried therein as carbonic acid or bicarbonate ions. www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  27. Number 46 Carbohydrates digestion begins in the ________ with the action of the enzyme _________. • mouth, amylase • stomach, pepsin • stomach, chymotrypsin • small intestine, amylase • small intestine, cholecystokinin www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  28. Answer • The correct answer is (A). Salivary amylase breaks starches into simple sugars, which is why holding a cracker in your mouth for a short time makes it seem sweeter. www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  29. Number 47 Look at the drawing. Which of the following is the correct answer / label? • A=muscle; B=tendon; C = ligament; D = Ulna B. A=ligament; B = muscle; C = radius; D = tendon • A=ligament; B=muscle; C=ligament; D=radius • A=tendon; B = muscle; C=ligament; D=radius E. A=tendon; B=muscle; C=ligament; D =ulna www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  30. Number 48 Which of the following statements is TRUE? A.FSH is produced in the ovaries and causes maturation of the folicles B. LH is produced in the pituitary gland and causes ovulation. C. Estrogen is produced in the anterior pituitary gland and causes the endometrium to thicken D. Progesterone is produced in the posterior pituitary gland and causes the endometrium to thicken E. None of the above statements are true. www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  31. Answer • The correct answer is (B). FSH and LH are produced in the pituitary.Estrogen and progesterone are produced in the ovaries. www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  32. Number 49 The human skin contains all of the following receptors EXCEPT • pain receptors • pressure receptors • thermoreceptors • chemoreceptors • touch receptors www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  33. Answer • The correct answer is (D). Humans have chemoreceptors in their noses and mouths. www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  34. Number 50 Which of the following is the specialized absorptive structure in the intestine? (A) alveoli (B) villi • Bowman’s capsule • salivary glands (E) pyloric sphincter www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  35. Answer • The correct answer is (B). The alveoli are structures that allow the passage, not absorption, of carbon dioxide and oxygen into the lungs. Bowman’s capsule is where the filtration of the bloodoccurs in the nephrons of the kidney. Salivary glands produce amylase that helps begin the breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth, and the pyloric sphincter is the valve-like structure at the end of the stomach that allows the passage of chyme. The villi are specialized, finger-shaped structures in the lower intestine that are designed for absorption of digested nutrients. www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  36. Number 51 Which is the CORRECT sequence for human circulation? (A) heart—vein—capillary—artery—heart (B) heart—artery—lung—vein—body systems—heart (C) heart—artery—lungs—vein—heart—body systems (D) body system—lungs—heart—vein—capillary—artery (E) heart—artery—lungs—body systems—vein—heart www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  37. Answer • The correct answer is (C). While presented with a veritable hodgepodge of choices here—which just may occur on the exam—the only one that makes sense is choice (C), where the blood leaves the heart through an artery—Arteries Away—to the lungs, back to the heart through a vein, and from the heart, out to the body systems. Choice (A) looks good on the surface, except a vein is leaving the heart, not an artery. In choice (B), once the blood goes to the lungs, it goes right to the body systems, which erroneously bypasses the heart. Choice (D) also bypasses the heart as the blood returns from the body systems, and choice (E), like choice (B), bypasses the heart. www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  38. Number 52 The skeletal system does all of the following EXCEPT ______. (A) support. (B) transport. (C) protect. (D) digest. (E) store. www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  39. Answer • The correct answer is (D). The skeletal system does not digest anything for the body. It stores minerals, such as calcium and phosphorous; it supports the body mass and also helps with transport of the body in concert with the muscles; and its cells reproduce and make more bone cells. www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  40. Number 53 The endocrine glands _________. (A) secrete vitamins. (B) cease functioning after adolescence. (C) begin functioning in adolescence. (D) have ducts. (E) have no ducts. www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  41. Answer • The correct answer is (E). It is important to define endocrine glands as ductless—they offer a separate delivery system from gland to target area. The endocrine glands use the “ducts” of the circulatory system, also known as blood vessels. The exocrine glands, such as the salivary glands and the pancreas, have ducts. The endocrine glands begin functioning at parturition and continue to function throughout life. Finally, endocrine glands do not secrete vitamins. www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  42. Number 54 Which of the following enzymes acts on protein? (A) pepsin (B) ptyalin (C) amylase (D) maltase (E) sucrase www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  43. Answer • The correct choice is (A). Choices (B) through (E) represent enzymes that act on carbohydrates, ptyalin being another name for amylase. Maltase and sucrase, as their names suggest, are enzymes that act, respectively, on maltose and sucrose. Choice (A) is protease that arises from a precursor, pepsinogen, that is activated by hydrochloric acid, which is the acid found in gastric juices a. www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  44. CONCEPTS TO REMEMBER IN ENDOCRINE SYSTEM www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  45. hormones • prolactin • antidiuretic hormone • oxytocin • Insulin • parathyroid • melatonin • glucagon • Testosterone • Thymosin • growth hormone • Adrenaline • follicle-stimulating hormone • stimulates milk production • chemical signals that affect the behavior of other glands or tissues • stimulates uterine muscle contraction and release of milk by mammary glands • stimulates water reabsorption by kidneys • lowers blood glucose level and promotes formation of glycogen • stimulates male sex characteristics • stimulates production and maturation of T-lymphocytes • triggers sleep by peaking at night and causing drowsiness • raises blood glucose level • raises blood calcium level www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  46. Number 55 • All are functions of the kidney EXCEPT ________. • regulating electrolyte balance • control of fluid balance • production of urine • bile production www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  47. Number 56 The structure that connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain is the ____________. • central sulcus • lateral fissure • corpus callosum • postcentralgyrus www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  48. Number 57 Which of the following controls heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration? • pons • Midbrain • cerebellum • medulla oblongata www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  49. Number 58 Which portion of an electrocardiogram tracing represents a ventricular depolarization? A. T wave B. QRS complex C. SA node D. P wave www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

  50. Number 59 What is indicated by the P wave? A. depolarization of the atria B. depolarization of the ventricles C. repolarization of the ventricles D. repolarization of the atria www.sirjamesdeverajr.weebly.com

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