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Ideal Gas Law

Ideal Gas Law. PV=nRT. Kinetic Molecular Theory. 1. Gases have low density 2. Gases have elastic collisions 3. Gases have continuous random motion. 4. Gases have no attraction or repulsion 5. Kinetic energy is proportional to temperature. Properties of Gases. Pressure (P)

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Ideal Gas Law

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  1. Ideal Gas Law PV=nRT

  2. Kinetic Molecular Theory • 1. Gases have low density • 2. Gases have elastic collisions • 3. Gases have continuous random motion. • 4. Gases have no attraction or repulsion • 5. Kinetic energy is proportional to temperature.

  3. Properties of Gases • Pressure (P) • Force of gas particles hitting the sides of their container • Volume (V) • The amount of space occupied by a gas • Temperature (T) • The Kinetic Energy of gas molecules • Mols (n) • The amount of gas molecules in a certain mass

  4. Ideal Gas Law • “the mathematical relationship among pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles of a gas” • What are the observable relationships between these properties? • Pressure and Temperature • Pressure and Volume • Pressure and moles • Volume and Temperature • Volume and moles • Temperature and moles

  5. Boyle’s Law V = k / P V : 1/P Charle’s Law V = kT V : T Gay-Lussac’s Law P = k T P : T Avogadro’s Law Standard Molar volume V : n Partial Gas Laws

  6. V : 1/P V : T V : n V : nT/P V = constant * nT/P PV = constant * nT Constant = R PV = nRT Units: (for this class) V must be in Liters P must be in atm T must be in Kelvin n is always mols Ideal Gas Constant = R 0.0821(L*atm) / (mol * K) Ideal Gas Law

  7. Ideal Gas Law Example • How many moles of gas are in 4.6 L of gas at 56kPa and 34oC? • Convert all units to the right units • Volume: 4.6 L is in correct units • Pressure: 56 kPa x (1atm/101.3kPa) = 0.55 atm • Temperature: 34oC + 273 = 307K • Write Ideal Gas Law Equation • PV = nRT

  8. Ideal Gas Law Example • How many moles of gas are in 4.6 L of gas at 56Pa and 34oC? • PV = nRT • Solve for unknown • n = PV / (RT) • Plug in numbers • n =(0.55 atm * 4.6 L) / (0.0821 * 307K)= 0.10mols

  9. Simulation • http://www.chem.ufl.edu/~itl/2045/MH_sims/gas_sim.html

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