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Repairing the damage

Wangari Maathai. Repairing the damage. The Greenbelt Movement planting trees in Kenya restoring a sustainable ecosystem establishing democracy empowering women. Nobel Peace prize 2004. 7800 acres. Studying ecosystems. 38 acre deforestation. Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest.

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Repairing the damage

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  1. Wangari Maathai Repairing the damage • The Greenbelt Movement • planting trees in Kenya • restoring a sustainable ecosystem • establishing democracy • empowering women Nobel Peace prize 2004

  2. 7800 acres Studying ecosystems 38 acre deforestation Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest

  3. Effects of deforestation 40% increase in runoff • loss of water • 60x loss in nitrogen • 10x loss in calcium loss into surface water nitrate levels in runoff 80 40 loss out of ecosystem! Concentration of nitrate (mg/l ) 4 Deforestation 2 Why isnitrogen soimportant? 0 1965 1966 1967 1968 Year

  4. Ecosystem inputs biosphere energy flowsthrough nutrients cycle inputs • energy • nutrients

  5. loss of energy loss of energy Energy flows through ecosystems sun secondary consumers (carnivores) primary consumers (herbivores) producers (plants)

  6. sun Food chains Level 4 Tertiary consumer top carnivore • Trophic levels • feeding relationships • start with energy from the sun • captured byplants • 1st level of all food chains • food chains usually go up only 4 or 5 levels • inefficiency of energy transfer • all levels connect to decomposers Level 3 Secondary consumer carnivore Level 2 Primary consumer heterotrophs herbivore Level 1 Producer autotrophs Fungi Decomposers Bacteria

  7. sun energy lost todaily living energy lost todaily living Inefficiency of energy transfer • Loss of energy between levels of food chain • To where is the energy lost? The cost of living! 17% growth only this energymoves on to the next level in the food chain 33% cellular respiration 50% waste (feces)

  8. sun Ecological pyramid • Loss of energy between levels of food chain • can feed fewer animals in each level 1 100 100,000 1,000,000,000

  9. Humans in food chains • Dynamics of energy through ecosystems have important implications for human populations • how much energy does it take to feed a human? • if we are meat eaters? • if we are vegetarian? What is yourecological footprint?!

  10. Food webs • Food chains are linked together into food webs • Who eats whom? • a species may weave into web at more than one level • bears • humans • eating meat? • eating plants?

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