Integrating ‘Disability’ into the Bank’s Children and Youth Work

1. Integrating ‘Disability’ into the Bank’s Children and Youth Work 30 November, 2004 Juan Felipe Sanchez, Senior Children and Youth Specialist / HDN-CY Children and Youth - HDN

2. Eradicating Poverty The World Bank’s Mission • Two major pillars: • Investment climate • Finance, infrastructure, labor market reform, etc. • Investing in people • Education, health, social protection, HIV/AIDS • The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) provide a global framework for the WB’s work on children and youth Children and Youth - HDN

3. Children and Youth / Disability at the WB • Children and Youth Unit at the Human Development Hub since 2002 • Disability team at the Human Development Hub since 2002 • Framework for Action (FfA) to provide guidelines and resources for bank staff working on C&Y • The focus on Orphans and Vulnerable Children section- and within it, disabled children and youth- as part of the FfA Children and Youth - HDN

4. “Business Case” Why invest in C&Y? • Demographic Urgency • Millennium Development Goals • Economic Efficiency • Children: Highest leverage point for investments to build human capital • Youth: Cost of not investing high • Political Imperative • Demand from clients and partners • Need to scale up significantly and swiftly Children and Youth - HDN

5. C&Y Conceptual Framework Livelihoods and employment Age 25 14 6 0 Starting early… Secondary + tertiary education Life-long learning Healthy behaviors Participation andEmpowerment Enabling policies and institutions Supportive families and communities Primary education Protection of the most vulnerable (OVC) Early Childhood Development Safe, healthy habitat Child health + nutrition Children and Youth - HDN

6. C&Y Conceptual Framework …continue with youth Livelihoods and employment Age 25 14 6 0 Secondary + tertiary education Life-long learning Healthy behaviors Enabling policies and institutions Participation andEmpowerment Supportive families and communities Investing in earlier life Children and Youth - HDN

7. Children Issues/Risks Malnutrition Childhood Illness Getting into school/ staying enrolled Unsafe home environment Orphans and vulnerable children (AIDS, war, street children, disability) Child Labor Youth Issues/Risks No voice in development policies Staying in school/high dropout rates Finding the first job/ staying employed Risky behaviors (early pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, violence and crime, drugs) Issues and risks differ significantly… Children and Youth - HDN

8. … and so do potential solutions • Children (0-14): Doing More and Better • We know increasingly what works • BUT: how to do it effectively and selectively? • And catch those falling through the cracks? (e.g. OVC) • Youth (15-24): More Systematic Focus • Experience and analysis is new and uneven • How to build on pioneering work? (e.g. LAC and ECA regions) • How to move from advocacy to evidence? (research and analytic work) • How to integrate youth voice in all levels of development work Children and Youth - HDN

9. Families and communities Primary health care and nutrition Birth 7 days Protection Policies and operational tools 28 days Safe, healthy habitat Death Aging 1 year Adulthood Life-long learning ECD 5 years 20 years Healthy behaviors 10 years Primary education Secondary and tertiary education Participation The life cycle approach provides the links Children and Youth - HDN

10. Vulnerability: "a high probability of a negative outcome", or an expected welfare loss above a socially accepted norm, which results from risky/uncertain events, and the lack of appropriate risk management instruments. Risk Factors Household level (abuse, parental loss, neglect, exploitation) Community level ( lack of safety nets, stigma, social/ethnic exclusion, violence) Macro level (HIV/AIDS, conflict, financial crisis, natural disasters) Risks and Vulnerabilities Children and Youth - HDN

11. Orphans (39 Million, 16 Million of AIDS) Child soldiers and children affected by conflict (150,00 War Orphans, 120,000 Child Soldiers and 2 Million permanently Disabled) Street children ( 3 Million) Domestic servants (5 Million) Children bound in the worst forms of child labor & slavery (600,000) Disabled children (6 Million) All data for Sub-Saharan Africa only (source UNICEF Children on the Brink) OVC in the Framework for Action Children and Youth - HDN

12. Disability and poverty • People are often disabled not because of a diagnosable condition, but because they are denied access to education, labor market, public services, etc. • This exclusion leads to poverty and, in a vicious cycle, poverty leads to more disability by increasing their vulnerability (malnutrition, disease, etc.) Children and Youth - HDN

13. Disability and the MDGs • The priorities of the Bank embodied in the MDGs cannot be achieved without incorporating the 10% of the world’s population which is disabled –given the strong two-way link between poverty and disability Children and Youth - HDN

14. Improving the Bank’s programs by addressing the issue of disability • Making Bank programs more accessible, rather than launching a series of parallel programs for disabled people • Integrating disability creates synergies between a number of different themes by tying them together Children and Youth - HDN

15. Moving Forward • Continue filling knowledge gaps (e.g. ASW within the framework of the high-level C&Y research task force) • Take stock of disability-related Bank work & including disability issues within the C&Y website • Develop regional C&Y strategies incorporating disability priorities • Support staff and identify technical and financial resources which can assist TTL’s willing to address disability issues Children and Youth - HDN

16. Moving Forward • Assure inclusion of the most vulnerable in WB project designs • Continue to include Disability in global partnerships • Scale up Disability projects/project components • Encourage Disabled youth participation (e.g. YDP Network, country Youth Voices groups, etc.) Children and Youth - HDN