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10.1 Cell Growth, Division and Reproduction

10.1 Cell Growth, Division and Reproduction. Limits to Cell Size. Large cells, more demands What is information overload? Exchanging materials Surface area to vol. ratio Trouble getting in and out Cell Division – 2 daughters. Cell Division and Reproduction. Asexual Reproduction

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10.1 Cell Growth, Division and Reproduction

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  1. 10.1 Cell Growth, Division and Reproduction

  2. Limits to Cell Size • Large cells, more demands • What is information overload? • Exchanging materials • Surface area to vol. ratio • Trouble getting in and out • Cell Division – 2 daughters

  3. Cell Division and Reproduction • Asexual Reproduction • One parent • No Fuss, No Muss • Quick and Efficient (Survival) • Sexual Reproduction • Two Parents • Gametes (sex cells) • Genetic Variation • Limit seasonal reproduction

  4. 10.2 The Process of Cell Division

  5. Chromosomes • Why is it necessary for cells to have their info bundled? • What is the role of the chromosome in cell division? • To separate DNA precisely during cell division • Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Chromosomes • Amt. of DNA – Where located • DNA Coils • Histone proteins

  6. The Cell Cycle • Grows • Prepares for Division • Divides (two daughter cells) • Prokaryotes • Rapid (binary fission) • Copy DNA (when they reach a certain size)

  7. The Cell Cycle • Eukaryotes • Four phases • G1 phase • Cell Growth • S phase • DNA replication • G2 phase • Prep for Mitosis • M phase • Mitosis and Cytokinesis

  8. Mitosis • Prophase • Condense, chromosomes visible, spindle • Centromere (chrom. Attach.) • Chromatid (sisters) • Centrioles (related to spindle)

  9. Mitosis • Metaphase • Centromeres line up in the center • Spindles attach to centromeres • Two poles • Anaphase • Chromatids separate • Move to opposites ends

  10. Mitosis and Cytokinesis • Telophase (end of mitosis) • Opposite of Prophase • Chromosome spread out • Nuclear envelope reappears • Spindle breaks up • Nucleolus reappears • Cytokinesis • Div. of cytoplasm • Plants vs. Animals Animal Cell Plant Cell

  11. 10.3 Regulating the Cell Cycle

  12. Controls on Cell Division • Regulated by Proteins • When you have an injury cells must divide to repair • Regulatory Proteins or cyclins. • Internal regulators • External regulators • (IR) Make sure chromosomes are duplicated • (IR)Programmed cell death • Apoptosis • Development • Parkinson’s • (ER) Growth Factors – due to injury • (ER) Growth Inhibitors so cells do not get too crowded

  13. Cancer: Uncontrolled Cell Growth • Disorder where cells lose control of growth • Do not respond to normal signals • Tumor – not all are cancerous • Malignant or Benign • Defective genes (p53) • Treatments • Local, radiation, chemotherapy

  14. 10.4 Cell Differentiation

  15. From One Cell to Many • Embryo – Developmental stage • Differentiation – cells specialized • Can be mapped • Determines when a cell becomes specialized • Mammals have factors that give them flexibility as to when specialization occurs

  16. Stem Cells and Development • Types of cells in Development • Totipotent (all cells) • Blastocyst forms • Inner cell mass • Pluripotent (most cells) • Embryonic stem cells • Multipotent (many types) • Adult stem cells • Depends on where the come from

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