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Chapter 8: Trigonometric Functions And Applications

Chapter 8: Trigonometric Functions And Applications. 8.1 Angles and Their Measures 8.2 Trigonometric Functions and Fundamental Identities 8.3 Evaluating Trigonometric Functions 8.4 Applications of Right Triangles 8.5 The Circular Functions 8.6 Graphs of the Sine and Cosine Functions

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Chapter 8: Trigonometric Functions And Applications

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  1. Chapter 8: Trigonometric Functions And Applications 8.1 Angles and Their Measures 8.2 Trigonometric Functions and Fundamental Identities 8.3 Evaluating Trigonometric Functions 8.4 Applications of Right Triangles 8.5 The Circular Functions 8.6 Graphs of the Sine and Cosine Functions 8.7 Graphs of the Other Circular Functions 8.8 Harmonic Motion

  2. 8.7 Graphs of the Other Trigonometric Functions Graphs of the Cosecant and Secant Functions • Cosecant values are reciprocals of the corresponding sine values. • If sin x = 1, the value of csc x is 1. Similarly, if sin x = –1, then cscx = –1. • When 0 < sin x < 1, then csc x > 1. Similarly, if –1 < sin x < 0, then csc x < –1. • When approaches 0, the gets larger. The graph of y = csc x approaches the vertical line x = 0. • In fact, the vertical asymptotes are the lines x = n.

  3. Precalculus 1 and 2 Agenda SWBAT: Sketch the cosecant graph Sketch the secant graph Recognize the HW: MCAS area and volume review… Write the COSECANT values of ALL the reference angles from 0 to 2π. (remember cosecant is the INVERSE of sine!) Sketch the cosecant values along an X-Y axis. Repeat with Secant…!

  4. Precalculus 1 and 2 Agenda SWBAT: Sketch the cosecant graph Sketch the secant graph Recognize that we have an exam tomorrow!!! You need to know… HW: Study! Write the COSECANT values of ALL the reference angles from 0 to 2π. (remember cosecant is the INVERSE of sine!) Sketch the cosecant values along an X-Y axis. Repeat with Secant…! Remember TAN=sine/cosine

  5. Advanced Algebra All Stars Agenda: May 6th, 2011 SWBAT: Welcome our guest  Work efficiently and effectively with partner to complete the MCAS Challenge packet!!! Tackle problems as a TEAM! Do Now – Last page in packet – please hand in for credit! Class work-IN PAIRS, work on MCAS packet. You will be challenged-meet the challenge!!! ….if done….start HW: Reflections Worksheet!

  6. Precalculus 2 Agenda SWBAT: Identify transformations in Sine and Cosine Graphs Sketch the cosecant graph Sketch the secant graph Identify what COSECANT and SECANT graphs look like and explain WHY! Do Now – PEMDAS again. Yeah, you should know it! Write the COSECANT values of ALL the reference angles from 0 to 2π. (remember cosecant is the INVERSE of sine!) Sketch the cosecant values along an X-Y axis. Repeat with Secant…! Remember TAN=sine/cosine HW: Work on Portfolio!!

  7. 8.7 Graphs of the Cosecant and Secant Functions • A similar analysis for the secant function can be done. Plotting a few points, we have the solid lines representing the curves for the cosecant and secant functions.

  8. 8.7 Graphs of the Cosecant and Secant Functions • Cosecant Function • Discontinuous at values of x of the form x = n, and has vertical asymptotes at these values. • No x-intercepts. • Its period is 2 with no amplitude. • Symmetric with respect to the origin, and is an odd function. • Secant Function • Discontinuous at values of x of the form (2n + 1) , and has vertical asymptotes at these values. • No x-intercepts. • Its period is 2 with no amplitude. • Symmetric with respect to the y-axis, and is an even function.

  9. 8.7 Sketching Traditional Graphs of the Cosecant and Secant Functions To graph y = a csc bx or y = a sec bx, with b > 0, • Graph the corresponding reciprocal function as a guide, using a dashed curve. • Sketch the vertical asymptotes. They will have equations of the form x = k, k an x-intercept of the guide function. • Sketch the graph of the desired function by drawing the U-shaped branches between adjacent asymptotes. To Graph Use as a Guide y = a sin bx y = a csc bx y = a cos bx y = a sec bx

  10. 8.7 Graphing y = a sec bx Example Graph Solution The guide function is One period of the graph lies along the interval that satisfies the inequality Dividing this interval into four equal parts gives the key points (0,2), (,0), (2,–2), (3,0), and (4,2), which are joined with a smooth dashed curve.

  11. 8.7 Graphing y = a sec bx Sketch vertical asymptotes where the guide function equals 0 and draw the U-shaped branches, approaching the asymptotes.

  12. 8.7 Graphs of Tangent and Cotangent Functions • Tangent • Its period is  and it has no amplitude. • Its values are 0 when sine values are 0, and undefined when cosine values are 0. • As x goes from tangent values go from – to , and increase throughout the interval. • The x-intercepts are of the form x = n.

  13. 8.7 Graphs of Tangent and Cotangent Functions • Cotangent • Its period is  and it has no amplitude. • Its values are 0 when cosine values are 0, and undefined when sine values are 0. • As x goes from 0 to , cotangent values go from  to –, and decrease throughout the interval. • The x-intercepts are of the form x = (2n + 1)

  14. 8.7 Sketching Traditional Graphs of the Tangent and Cotangent Functions • To graph y = a tan bx or y = a cot bx, with b > 0, • The period is To locate two adjacent vertical asymptotes, solve the following equations for x: • Sketch the two vertical asymptotes found in Step 1. • Divide the interval formed by the vertical asymptotes into four equal parts. • Evaluate the function for the first-quarter point, midpoint, and third-quarter point, using x-values from Step 3. • Join the points with a smooth curve approaching the vertical asymptotes. For y = a tan bx: bx = and bx = For y = a cot bx: bx = 0 and bx = .

  15. 8.7 Graphing y = a cot bx Example Graph Solution Since the function involves cotangent, we can locate two adjacent asymptotes by solving the equations: Dividing the interval into four equal parts and finding the key points, we get

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