Minnesota Department of Human Services Alcohol and Drug Abuse Division

1. Minnesota Department of Human Services Alcohol and Drug Abuse Division

2. Substance Abuse Prevention on a Dime: Resources for your community Kari Erdman, CPP, CHHC Associate Director MN Prevention Resource Center

3. Background Kari Erdman, CPP, CHHC • 7 years in health promotion/Wellness, & alcohol, tobacco, and other drug prevention- worksites and communities • Local/State policy work • Chair of Tobacco-free Coalition • Health Coach • Fitness instructor • Married, God-parentto 5 year-old and 2 year-old

4. Mission Statement The Minnesota Prevention Resource Center serves as a statewide clearinghouse for Free and Reduced-Cost alcohol, tobacco and other drug and violence prevention Materials and resources. Our mission is to reduce problems resulting from alcohol, tobacco, other drugs and associated violence by enhancing the capacity of people interested in preventing these problems.

5. Getting to know each other Two Truths and a Lie Position and organization you are with What brought you to this presentation today? Why are you interested in this topic?

6. Prevention “The action of stopping something from happening or arising.” “It is the promotion of constructive lifestyles and norms that discourage drug use.” “It is achieved through the application of multiple strategies; it is an ongoing process that must relate to each emerging generation.” “Wellness is prevention and prevention is wellness.”

7. Institute of Medicine Continuum of Care

8. Prevention Universal preventive interventions…targeted to the general public or a population group that has not been identified on the basis of individual. Selective preventative interventions: Targeted to individuals or a subgroup the population whose risk is significantly higher than average. Indicated preventative interventions…targeted to high-risk individuals who have been identified as having minimal detectable signs or symptoms, but who do not meet diagnostic levels at the present time.

9. Mood Altering Chemicals • tobacco • alcohol • marijuana • prescription drugs • other

10. Why do people use mood-altering substances? • Curiosity • Belief that drugs are not harmful • Belief that drugs alleviate the symptoms of depression and pain • As an attempt to cope with traumatic experiences, for example, childhood sexual abuse or school failure • Sensation-seeking behavior • Substance use by family members • Peer pressure • Community norms • Exposure to pro-use message in mass media • Access and availability

11. Prevention of Substance Abuse and Mental Illness • Per NIDA – National Institute on Drug Abuse • Why do People Abuse Substances? • To Feel Good • To have novel feelings, sensations, experiences and share them • To Feel Better • To lessen: anxiety, worries, fears, depression, hopelessness.

12. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) • all types of child abuse and neglect • domestic violence • substance abuse • Mental illness/suicide in the home • loss of birth parent(s) during childhood • incarceration • Accumulate and result in health and social problems in adulthood. 12

13. Early Death Disease, Disability and Social Problems Adoption of Health-risk Behaviors Social, Emotional, & Cognitive Impairment Adverse Childhood Experiences Death Scientific gaps Conception 13

14. Risk FactorsvsProtective Factors

15. Domains of Risk and Protective Factors • Individual • Family • Peer • School • Community

16. Risk Factors/Protective Factors Approach Risk Factors Examples: • No close family network • Low self-esteem • Isolated • Truancy • Protective Factors • Examples: • Close family network • Higher self-esteem • Healthy beliefs and clear standards • Purpose

17. Individual

18. Prevention Strategy • Look at an individual’s lifestyle behaviors and choices and be a guide on making healthier choices: • Diet • Physical Activity • Sleep • Relationships • Purpose/Passions

19. Individual Raise awareness of the dangers of drug use and the benefits of constructive behavior • Beliefs, attitudes, behavior • Knowledge/awareness • Developmental stages • Differentiation of Self • Mental Health issues • Social and Emotional learning • Search Institute – 40 Developmental Assets • Attachment research

20. “…early experiences help to determine brain structure, thus shaping the way people learn, think, and behave for the rest of their lives.” I Am Your Child Reiner Foundation 20

21. What level of risk does this group have for alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use?Young people who believe drug use to be dangerous. • Very Low • Low • Moderate • High • Very High

22. Attitudes about Rx Pain Relievers: • 2 in 5 teens believe that Rx meds are “much safer” than illegal • drugs • 31 percent of teens believe there’s “nothing wrong” with using Rx meds without a prescription “once in a while” • Nearly 3 in 10 teens believe Rx pain relievers are not addictive • SOURCE: Partnership for Drug Free America

23. Reasons for using Rx Pain Relievers: Easy to get from parents’ medicine cabinet 62% Are available everywhere 52% They are not illegal 51% Easy to get through others’ prescriptions 50% They are cheap 43% They are safer than illegal drugs 35% Less shame attached to using 33% Easy to purchase over the Internet 32% SOURCE: Partnership Attitude Tracking Survey (PATS), Partnership for a Drug-Free America. N= 7,218 adolescents in grades 7 – 12, Spring 2005.

24. Marijuana: Trends in Perceived Availability, Perceived Risk of Regular use, and Prevalence of Use in Past Thirty Days for Twelfth Graders*Monitoring the Future, 2004

25. Peer Fact vs myth Powerful-developing identity Non using vs using Perception vs norm Rite of passage Normal

26. Family

27. Family History of CD in the family Enmeshment Roles Symptoms Cultural Differentiation of self Traits of a healthy family

28. Family "A study by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA, 1999) found that parents abusing drugs or alcohol were 4.2 times more likely to be neglectful than parents who did not abuse drugs or alcohol" (in Cash & Wilke, 2003).

29. Family "The prevalence of a lifetime alcoholism diagnosis (40%) in individuals with histories of neglect is almost three times the national average (13.8%). (Widom, Ireland, & Glynn, 1995 in Dunn et al., 2002).

30. What level of risk does this group have for alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use?Young people who say that their parent(s) would be upset if they used alcohol. • Very Low • Low • Moderate • High • Very High

31. Prevention Strategy Promote good parenting skills and strengthen the family as the first defense against drug abuse.

32. You Make the Difference! The Journal of the American Medical Association states: “…parent connectedness is the single healthiest force in the lives of U.S. teenagers.” RESEARCH SAYS Teens do best when they have a solid relationship with their parents.

33. Paradox? • Paradox: Moms may say they want dad involved but may be ambiguous about actually giving up power and control. • Studies show some moms may not want dads involved • 60-80% of mothers do not want their husbands to be more involved (Beitel & Parke; 1998; Quinn & Staines, 1979) • About 50% of mothers don’t want fathers more involved (Erickson & Aird 2005) • Newspaper article: Single motherhood is easier? 37

35. What percentage of moms (nationally representative sample) think they are irreplaceable to their child? 0 -20% 21 - 40% 41 - 60% 61 - 80% 81 - 100% Am I important to my child? 39

36. What percentage of dads (nationally representative sample) think they are irreplaceable to their child? 0 -20% 21 - 40% 41 - 60% 61 - 80% 81 - 100% Am I important to my child? 40

37. Youths aged 12 to 17 who believed their parents would strongly disapprove of their using a particular substance were less likely to use that substance than were youth who believed their parents would somewhat disapprove or neither approve nor disapprove. Parental Disapproval and Youth Use Rates *2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings

38. Parental Disapproval and Youth Use Rates Using Tobacco • Past Month Cigarette: 7.4% of youth who perceived strong parental disapproval of their smoking one or more packs per day compared with 42.1% of youths who believed their parents would not strongly disapprove. *2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings

39. *National Survey of American Attitudes on Substance Abuse X: Teens and Parents. August, 2005.

40. Prevention Strategies Engage the protective capacities of families Recognize and employ family strengths Maintain community and cultural connections Address immediate safety concerns and ongoing risks Help parents recognize the adverse impact of unhealthy relationships on child development and safety 44

41. Parent Programs • Walking the Talk • English • Spanish • Somali • Shoulder To Shoulder

42. The See It - Say It 6 Step Process Step one = I care. . . Step two = I see. . . Step three = I feel. . . Step four = LISTEN… Step five = I want. . . Step six = I will. . .

43. School

44. Prevention Strategy • Build academic/vocational skills to allow individuals the potential of developing into contributing members of society.

45. School • Evidence-based curriculum • Project Northland • Class Action • Reconnecting Youth • Life-skills • Youth groups-SADD, MADD, etc. • Working with local community coalition on campaigns that reach school-aged youth e.g. Positive Community Norms

46. Community

47. Prevention Strategies • Provide mentoring and positive role modeling for youth. Mobilize communities to establish environments enhancing positive personal development. • Strengthen and support policies that promote healthy lifestyles and change community norms.

48. Community • Strategic Prevention Framework • Positive Community Norms

49. People of Faith • DVD • Works alongside the curriculum • 15 minutes

50. What are prevention strategies work? • Raise awareness of the dangers of drug use and the benefits of constructive behavior. • Promote good parenting skills and strengthen the family as the first defense against drug abuse. • Build academic/vocational skills to allow individuals the potential of developing into contributing members of society. • Provide mentoring and positive role modeling for youth. • Build social skills to enable the development of strong self-image that leads to positive life decisions. • Mobilize communities to establish environments enhancing positive personal development. • Strengthen and support policies that promote healthy lifestyles and change community norms.