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Ranchers and Farmers

Ranchers and Farmers. Chapter 18, Section 2 Pgs. 534-539. Open Range. Land not fenced or divided into lots. Brand. A symbol . Vaquero. A Hispanic ranch hand. Homestead. To earn ownership of land by settling on it. Sodbuster. A farmer in the Plains where there is little rain.

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Ranchers and Farmers

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  1. Ranchers and Farmers Chapter 18, Section 2 Pgs. 534-539

  2. Open Range • Land not fenced or divided into lots

  3. Brand • A symbol

  4. Vaquero • A Hispanic ranch hand

  5. Homestead • To earn ownership of land by settling on it

  6. Sodbuster • A farmer in the Plains where there is little rain

  7. Dry Farming • To plant seeds deep in the ground where there was moisture

  8. Challenges on the Trail • violent storms • rustlers trying to steal cattle • losing cattle while crossing fast-moving rivers • stampedes.

  9. Challenges on the Farm • dry weather • Rain • Fire • grasshoppers • bitter winters

  10. Why were cattle burned with a brand? • The ranchers burned a brand into their cattle to show who owned the cattle.

  11. Spanish Influence • The Spanish influenced the cattle business by developing the methods and equipment used by American cowhands. • They developed the style for riding, roping, and branding. • They also introduced wide-brimmed hats, chaps to protect the legs, and lariats used to lasso cattle.

  12. Why does the value of cattle increase? • The completion of railroads allowed for the shipment of cattle to the North and East, which were the major markets for beef.

  13. Collapse of the Cattle Kingdom • Overgrazing • Bitterly cold winters killed cattle • Farmers took grazing land • Too many cattle glutted the market

  14. Minority Groups in the West • Women who were not married were eligible to file a claim under the Homestead Act. • Immigrants who had begun the process of becoming American citizens could obtain land under the Homestead Act. • Swedes and Norwegians responded to advertising by railroad to journey to America and buy land in Minnesota and the Dakotas. • African Americans moved west to escape life in • the South at the end of Reconstruction.

  15. Women’s Contributions • Women did a variety of work, including farm work, caring for children, sewing clothing, making candles, preserving food, providing health care and education to children, and keeping the farm running when the husband had to be away.

  16. Homestead Act • By providing free land, it made land ownership possible for those who could not afford it any other way.

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