1 / 52

Desalination Innovations – 2011 Energy and Environmental Advances

Desalination Innovations – 2011 Energy and Environmental Advances. ECOTOPICS DESALINATION- WATER SUPPLY FOR THE FUTURE June 14, 2011 by Randy Truby. Desalination History 1960’s - 2011. Membrane innovation Seawater membrane – first use in 1978 Membrane development – TFC Polyamide

kamil
Download Presentation

Desalination Innovations – 2011 Energy and Environmental Advances

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Desalination Innovations – 2011Energy and Environmental Advances ECOTOPICS DESALINATION- WATER SUPPLY FOR THE FUTURE June 14, 2011 by Randy Truby

  2. Desalination History 1960’s - 2011 • Membrane innovation • Seawater membrane – first use in 1978 • Membrane development – TFC Polyamide • Membrane package – spiral wound elements • Nano technology – the promise of lower energy • Trends in spiral wound element performance and cost reductions

  3. Desalination Technology Capacity by Process Type

  4. First SWRO – 12,000 m3/d Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia-1978 • 56 Bar; 35% Recovery • 6-inch Diameter (150mm) Elements • 1000 TDS Permeate • 9.8 kW-hr/cubic meter • No Energy Recovery

  5. Thin Film Polyamide Membrane Semipermeable membrane layer ~2000 Angstrom Microporous polysulfone support 0.2 mm 0.008" Polyester fabric backing

  6. Thin Film Polyamide Membrane Polyester Fabric Polysulfone support PA membrane surface

  7. Spiral Wound Element Design First spiral wound element developed in 1964 at General Atomic Co.

  8. Spiral Wound RO Element Construction PERMEATE Product Water Tube Brine Seal CONCENTRATE Feed Spacer FEED Membrane FEED Anti Telescoping Device Permeate Carrier PERMEATE

  9. Spiral Element In Pressure Vessel

  10. Tail Lead RO Element Arrangement in Pressure Vessel Feed Concentrate • Elements connected in series to reduce system cost • Increasing the number of elements in a single vessel reduces efficiency • For large scale systems, the most popular designs today use vessels that contain 7 elements. Vessels that hold 6 elements are also used and 8 element vessels are now being introduced.

  11. Concentration of Salts through Pressure Vessel

  12. Concentrate Permeate Pressure Vessel Arrangement to Achieve > 50% Recovery 1st Bank/Stage Feed 2nd Bank/Stage • Concentrate flows from vessels can be combined to become feed flow to another vessel to increase the overall recovery • Permeate from all stages can be collected in a common header

  13. Typical SWRO Installations

  14. Large Diameter Spiral Elements

  15. SWRO Improvements SEAWATER MEMBRANE/ELEMENT PERFORMANCE – CHRONOLOGY 1978 – 2010 Salt Volume Year Element Area Flow Passage Price (Sq. Ft.) (GPD) (%) ($) 1978 6X40 150 1500 1.4 950 1989 8X40 300 5000 1.0 875 1995 8X40 330 6000 0.8 750 2000 8X40 360 6500 0.5 465 2002 8X40 370 7000 0.4 435 2006 8X40 400 9000 0.2 550 2010 8X40 440 12000 0.3 450

  16. SWRO Element Costs SEAWATER MEMBRANE/ELEMENT PERFORMANCE – CHRONOLOGY 1978 – 2010 DOLLARS PER INSTALLED GALLON CAPITAL PRICE / FLOW (EXAMPLE: $950/1500 GPD = $0.63) Year Element Area Flow Price/Flow Size (Sq. Ft.) (GPD) (Cents) 1978 6X40 150 1500 63 1989 8X40 300 5000 17.5 1995 8X40 330 6000 12.5 2000 8X40 360 6500 10 2002 8X40 370 7000 6.2 2006 8X40 400 9000 6.1 2010 8X40 440 12000 3.8

  17. SWRO Element Costs

  18. SWRO Element Salt Passage Improvement

  19. Polyamide Membrane Enhanced with Nanotechnology

  20. Energy Efficiency Advances in Membrane Desalination • Early seawater RO (SWRO) systems (1978) 10 kWhr/m3 • In 1980’s energy recovery turbines and turbochargers introduced • In 2002 isobaric energy recovery devices adopted; lowered SWRO energy to under 3.0 kWhr/m3 • Membrane improvements – lower pressure requires less energy

  21. Pelton Wheels • Developed in the late 1800’s for mining industry • First used with SWRO in early 1984 at the Umm Lujj system in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 1984 Ibara Pelton Wheel 6.7 kW-hr/cubic meter Low Capital Cost

  22. Pelton Wheel

  23. Turbocharger • Not connected directly to high pressure pump • Can be used in a variety of flow schemes • Moderate capital cost • Achieves energy efficiency of 83% • Operates like a centrifugal pump with efficiency following a curve

  24. Turbocharger

  25. Turbochargers

  26. Turbocharger Installations

  27. Isobaric Energy Recovery Devices • Two isobaric devices on the market have achieved wide application: • Energy Recovery Inc. (ERI): PX • Flowserve/Calder: DWEER • Higher capital cost • Not connected to high pressure pump/motor • Operates like a positive displacement pump with flat efficiency curve • Achieves 97% energy efficiency • Available with corrosion resistant ceramic construction

  28. PX Efficiency

  29. Isobaric Flow Scheme

  30. PX Isometric Diagram

  31. SWRO Energy Consumption

  32. SWRO Energy vs. Time

  33. Projected SWRO Energy Costs

  34. Energy Recovery Optimization Opportunities

  35. Potential Savings in 50MGD SWRO Energy Recovery Process

  36. Environmental Impact of Desal Plants • Intake structures protect flora and fauna • Outfall--salinity dispersion • Visual impact--low profile buildings

  37. SWRO Graphic Showing Intake and Outfall Locations

  38. Various Types of Seawater Intake Structures

  39. SWRO Beach Well Intake

  40. Perth SWRO Intake Diagram

  41. Perth SWRO Intake

  42. Perth SWRO Intake Installation

  43. Perth SWRO Intake Piping

  44. Perth SWRO Concentrate Discharge

  45. Perth SWRO Concentrate Dispersion Structure

  46. Perth SWRO Outfall Monitoring

  47. Perth SWRO Concentrate Dispersion Demonstration

  48. Salt Dispersion Study in Baja California

  49. Courtesy of Water Corporation Low Profile SWRO Buildings – Perth, Australia

  50. Low Profile SWRO Buildings – Gold Coast, Australia

More Related