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PIP-II*: Overview, Goals , Status , and Strategy

Stuart Henderson Fermilab CERN Visit February 11 , 2014. PIP-II*: Overview, Goals , Status , and Strategy. *Proton Improvement Plan-II. Recent Developments. See XMAC website. New Fermilab Director Established LBNE as laboratory flagship

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PIP-II*: Overview, Goals , Status , and Strategy

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  1. Stuart Henderson Fermilab CERN Visit February 11, 2014 PIP-II*: Overview, Goals,Status, and Strategy *Proton Improvement Plan-II

  2. Recent Developments See XMAC website New Fermilab Director • Established LBNE as laboratory flagship • Requested rework of Project X concept to provide significant enhancement to LBNE, at an affordable cost to DOE • Requested a new name P5 formed to provide advice to DOE • Plan for the next ten years, within context of next twenty PIP-II concept developed • Whitepaper published • Presentation to P5 at BNL meeting • Funding requirements to P5 Fermilab assumes major role in srfcryomodule production for LCLS-II S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  3. Motivation/Goals Our goal is to construct & operate the foremost facility in the world for particle physics utilizing intense beams. Neutrinos • MINOS+, NOvA @700 kW (now) • LBNE @ >1 MW (2025) • LBNE @ >2 MW (>2030) • Short baseline neutrinos Muons • Muon g-2 @ 17 kW (2017) • Mu2e @ 8 kW (2020) • Mu2e @ 100 kW (>2023) Longer term opportunities This will require more protons! S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  4. Design Criteria Support long term physics research goals by providing increased beam power to LBNE while providing a platform for the future Design Criteria • Deliver 1.2 MW of proton beam power from the Main Injector to the LBNE target at 120 GeV, with power approaching 1 MW at energies down to 60 GeV, at the start of LBNE operations • Continue support for the current 8 GeV program, including Mu2e, g-2, and the suite of short-baseline neutrino experiments; provide upgrade path for Mu2e • Provide a platform for eventual extension of beam power to LBNE to >2 MW • Provide a platform for extension of capability to high duty factor/higher beam power operations • At an affordable cost to DOE S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  5. Strategy Increase Booster/Recycler/Main Injector per pulse intensity by ~50%. • Requires increasing the Booster injection energy Select 800 MeV as preferred Booster injection energy • 30% reduction in space-charge tune shift w/ 50% increase in beam intensity • Provides margin for lower beam loss at higher intensities Modest modifications to Booster/Recycler/Main Injector • To accommodate higher intensities and higher Booster injection energy Cost effective solution: 800 MeV superconducting pulsed linac, extendible to support >2 MW operations to LBNE and upgradable to continuous wave (CW) operations • Building on significant existing infrastructure • Capitalizing on major investment in superconducting rf technologies • Eliminating significant operational risks inherent in existing linac • Siting consistent with eventual replacement of the Booster as the source of protons for injection into Main Injector S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  6. Performance Goals S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  7. Options Plan A - Superconducting Linac • 800 MeV pulsed SC linac • Constructed from CW-capable accelerating modules • Operated initially at low duty factor • Sited in close proximity to Booster and to significant existing infrastructure Plan B - Afterburner • 400 MeV pulsed linac appended to existing 400 MeV linac • 805 MHz accelerating modules • Requires physical relocation of existing linac upstream ~50 m • ~1 year interruption to operations • Less expensive than Plan A S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  8. Pluses and Minuses of these Options S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  9. Site Layout (provisional) S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  10. Linac Technology Map RFQ LEBT b=0.11 MEBT b=0.22 b=0.51 b=0.61 b=0.9 IS RT SC 325 MHz 11-177 MeV 650 MHz 177-800 MeV 162.5 MHz 0.03-11 MeV S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  11. Booster/Recycler/MI Requirements Booster • New injection girder to accept 800 MeV and enable transverse beam painting • Additional rf voltage (3-4 cavities) to support transition crossing manipulations • Upgrades to damper and collimator systems Recycler • RF cooling upgrade for operations at <1.2 sec cycle • Collimator upgrade Main Injector • RF power upgrade; new power amplifiers S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  12. R&D Strategy The goal is to mitigate risk: technical/cost/schedule Technical Risks • Front End (PXIE) • Systems test:Ion Source through SSR1 • Booster/Recycler/Main Injector beam intensity • 50% per pulse increase over current operations • Longitudinal emittancefrom Booster for slip-stacking • Beam loss/activation • High Power targets • Will become provenance of LBNE starting FY15 Cost Risks • Superconducting rf • Cavities, cryomodules, rf sources represent 46% of construction costs Goal: Be prepared for a construction start in 2018 S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  13. P5http://www.usparticlephysics.org/p5 Fermilab meeting established goal of >1 MW to LBNE at start of operations PIP-II whitepaper and presentation at BNL meeting • Overview of concept and estimated cost Subsequent interactions • PIP-II Project Worksheet • $380M cost to DOE, assuming $160M international in-kind contribution • $80M of off-project costs for srf development and AIPs (Booster/Recycler/Main Injector) • FY18-22 construction period S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  14. P5http://www.usparticlephysics.org/p5 Subsequent interactions • Funding plan based on redirection of Fermilab internal funding. Two versions: • FY18-22 construction period • FY19-23 construction period P5 will provide “preliminary comments” to HEPAP in March, final report in May S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  15. Collaborative Aspects Organized as a “national project with international participation” • Fermilab as lead laboratory Collaboration MOUs for the RD&D phase : NationalIIFC ANL ORNL/SNS BARC/Mumbai BNL PNNL* IUAC/Delhi Cornell UTenn* RRCAT/Indore Fermilab TJNAF VECC/Kolkata LBNL SLAC MSU ILC/ART NCSU* *Recent additions bringing capabilities needed for experimental program development, in particular neutron targets and materials applications We are eager to establish a collaborative relationship with CERN for PIP-II S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  16. Flexible Platform for the Future PIP-II Inherent Capability • ~200 kW @ 800 MeV • (2 ma × 800 MeV × 15%) • × 10 Mu2e sensitivity Extentions • 2 MW to LBNE • CW operations at >1 MW • Neutrino Factory/Muon Collider S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  17. RF parameters of SCL cavities • Epeak≤ 40 MV/m (Field emission); *Leff=Gn/2, • Bpeak≤ 75 mT (medium field Q-slope) n is number of cells S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  18. CW Operational Aspects • RF load: • ILC: <5 W/CM (0.5 % duty cycle, Eacc = 35 MeV/m); • Project X: ~200 W/CM (100% duty cycle, Eacc = 17 MeV/m). • For CW operation RF load and thus, Q0 is an issue. • High Q0 allows lower capital cost (cryosystem) and operational cost (few MW reduction of power consumption). • High Q0 allows higher gradient at CW and, thus, allows lower capital cost of the linac. • Increase of Q0 ~two times may save many tens of M$ for a billion-scale project. • Q0 Improvement*: • Improvement of cavity processing recipes; • High Q0 preservation in CM. S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  19. 162.5 MHz, b = 0.11 Half Wave Resonator (HWR): Collaboration with ANL • The cavity parts, coupler and solenoid prototypes are ready, CM design compete • Very similar to cavities & CM already manufactured by ANL • Optimize to achieve tight packing in PX front end S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  20. SRF DevelopmentSSR1 (325 MHz) Two prototypes fabricated by industry, processed in collaboration with ANL, and tested at Fermilab as part of HINS program One cavity dressed with He vessel, coupler tuner Two cavities in fabrication at IUAC-Delhi (Q3 FY13 ) Ten cavities fabricated by US industry (all have arrived, 6 tested) • Tests in progress S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  21. SRF DevelopmentSSR1 (325 MHz) Bare cavity at 2 K Microphonics Active Damping: SSR1 dressed cavity Gradient/Q0 performance: SSR1 bare cavity at 2 K S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  22. Microphonics mitigation in 325 MHz SSR1 Cavities Tuner design “Passive” microphonics damping in a SSR1 cavity: df/dP <10 Hz/Torr; mechanical resonance > 300 Hz. • New He vessel design is ready; • Internal Technical Review was in December 2012; • Expect to dress 10 cavities by January, 2014 for the first SSR1 cryo-module. S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  23. SSR1 Cryomodule elements Conduction cooled leads similar to CERN and DESY Leads (I≤100 A). • Maximum design power. • Project X, 5 mA: ~30 kW. • One ceramic window at room temperature. • No external adjustment. • Air cooled center conductor. • HP tests of the first prototypes are scheduled for 2013 Solenoid prototype is ordered, will be tested in 2013. S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  24. SSR1 Cryo-module: • CM design is ready. • Internal Technical Review was on Feb 5, 2013; • CM complete - April, 2016 • Overall length (CS-GV Flanges)-5230mm • Number of Spoke resonators-8 • Number of Solenoids-4 • Distance between spoke resonators: 450/800mm • Distance between solenoids-1250mm S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  25. 325 MHz, b = 0.51 Single Spoke Resonator (SSR2) H E • EM design complete • Mechanical design is advanced • Prototype (jacketed and tested) in FY 15 • RF coupler is the same as for SSR1 S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  26. SRF Development650 MHz S. Henderson, CERN Visit Prototypes: • Two single-cell b=0.6 cavities received (JLab) • Six single-cell b = 0.9 cavities received; four five-cell on order (AES) • Five single-cell b = 0.9 cavities ordered(PAVAC, ARRA funds) • Prototypes at both b under fabrication in India Infrastructure modifications completed for 650 MHz • Vertical Test Stand • Cavity handling & HPR tooling • Optical inspection system • New electro-polishing tool (ANL)

  27. Elliptical cavities of the high-energy part of CW linac Single-cell prototypes (photos): 5-cell model, HE650 LE 650 MHz (JLAB version) HE 650 MHz (FNAL) S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  28. SRF Development650 MHz • Jan 29: EP only; • Feb 15: EP+120C bake; • Feb 19: BCP only. Gradient/Q0 performance: 650 MHz, b=0.9., single cell at at 2 K S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  29. He vessel for 650 MHz, =0.9 Cavity Blade Tuner – scaled ILC: • High df/dP, • Poor tuning efficiency; • New End Tuner design: • Low df/dP, • Mechanical resonance >60 Hz; • Good tunability; • Less expensive. Stiffening rings located to minimize df/dPwhile maintaining tunability S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  30. CM development for 650 MHz section • The baseline design concept includes cryomodules closed at each end, individual insulating vacuums, with warm beam pipe and magnets in between cryomodules; • Provide the required insulating and beam vacuum reliably; • Minimize cavity vibration and coupling of external sources to cavities; • Provide good cavity alignment (<0.5 mm); • Allow removal of up to 250 W at 2 K per cryomodule; • Provide excellent magnetic shielding for high Q0. • Working on CM • engineering design and • 3D models of 650 MHz CM; • Collaboration with India; • No funds for M&S. S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  31. SRF DevelopmentStatus and Plans S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  32. Project X Injector ExperimentPXIE PXIE is the centerpiece of the PX R&D program • Integrated systems test for Project X front end components • Validate concept for Project X front end, thereby minimizing primary technical risk element within the Reference Design • Operate at full Project X design parameters Systems test goals • 1 mA average current with 80% chopping of beam delivered from RFQ • Efficient acceleration with minimal emittance dilution through ~30 MeV PXIE will utilize components constructed to Project X specifications wherever possible • Opportunity to re-utilize selected pieces of PXIE in PX/Stage 1 Collaboration between Fermilab, ANL, LBNL, SNS, India S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  33. PXIE Layout MEBT SSR1 HWR HEBT RFQ LEBT 40 m, ~25 MeV PXIE will address the address/measure the following: • LEBT pre-chopping • Vacuum management in the LEBT/RFQ region • Validation of chopper performance • Bunch extinction • MEBT beam absorber • MEBT vacuum management • Operation of HWR in close proximity to 10 kW absorber • Operation of SSR with beam • Emittance preservation and beam halo formation through the front end S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  34. R&D Hardware Status PXIE • Ion source operational and characterized (LBNL→FNAL) • LEBT emittance scanner procurement initiated (SNS) • LEBT solenoids delivered (FNAL) • RFQ design complete; fabrication initiated (LBNL) • HWR cavity design complete and procurements initiated; CM design in process (ANL) • Nine qualified SSR1 cavities now in hand; CM design in process (FNAL) • Chopper proof-of-principle prototypes and driver development (FNAL) • Shielded enclosure under construction at CMTF SRF • Major progress on HWR, SSR1, 650 MHz ellipticals, and high Q0 S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  35. Summary The Fermilab accelerator complex can be upgraded to establish LBNE as the leading long-baseline program in the world, with >1 MW at startup (2025) The Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II) is a complete, integrated, cost effective concept, that meets this goal, while • leveraging U.S. superconducting rf investment, • attracting international partners, • providing a platform for the long-term future PIP-II retains flexibility to eventually realize the full potential of the Fermilab complex • LBNE >2 MW • Mu2e sensitivity x10 • MW-class, high duty factor beams for rare processes experiments We look forward to a positive recommendation from P5, and are in a position to move forward expeditiously. S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  36. Potential Areas of Collaboration Would be desirable to identify a complete system(s) Primary candidates of appropriate scale are • Low-beta 650 MHz SCL system: 5 CMs • Superconducting spoke resonator 2 (SSR2): 7 CMs Other (smaller) candidates include • Magnets & PS for transfer line • Cryogenic distribution system components • instrumentation S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  37. Backup S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  38. Linac Length Compare Length of existing linac enclosure • 400 MeV: 145 m Length of PIP-II • 800 MeV: 190 m • 540 MeV: 145 m S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  39. Flexible Beam Formats S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  40. 2+ MW Require 1.5×1014 particles from MI every 1.2 s @ 120 GeV • Every 0.6 sec @ 60 GeV Slip-stacking is not an option at these intensities • Need to box-car stack 6 x 2.5E13 protons in less than 0.6 sec >10 Hz rep-rate • Either Recycler (8 GeV) or MI (6-8 GeV) S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  41. 2+ MW Booster is not capable of accelerating 2.5×1013 no matter how it is upgraded • Requires ~0.1% beam loss • High impedance • Transition crossing • Poor magnetic field quality • Poor vacuum • Inadequate shielding Achieving 2+ MW from Main Injector will require construction of a 1.5 GeVlinac • Can feed Main Injector via either a 6-8 GeV pulsed linac or rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  42. 2+ MW to LBNE Linac Particle Type H- Beam Kinetic Energy 8.0 GeV Pulse rate10Hz Pulse Width 6  4.3 msec Particles per cycle to Recycler/MI2.51013 Beam Power @ 8 GeV 320 kW Main Injector/Recycler Beam Kinetic Energy (maximum) 60/120 GeV Cycle time 0.6/1.2 sec Particles per cycle 1.51014 Beam Power at 60-120 GeV 2400 kW S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  43. LBNE Target Facility @ 1.2 MWDevelopment Needs The LBNE target needs to accept 1.2 MW beam power Development proceeding in the following areas: S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  44. Cost Estimate • *Substantial savings from PX Scope = Linac + beam transfer line + R&D + ProjMan+ civil • LBNE target/horn system managed/funded by LBNE • Booster, Recycler, Main Injector upgrades managed through operating departments and funded as AIPs Reutilize components from the PX/PIP-II development program Estimate of cryogenic systems based on new concept for low duty factor operations* Estimate of civil construction based on new siting* Estimate of rf for lower duty factor operations (modest savings) Efficient project schedule: 7 years from CD-0 to CD-4 Escalated to FY20 dollars • DOE/TPC metric S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  45. Cost Estimate S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  46. International Contributions Discussions at agency and laboratory levels indicate that an 800 MeV SC linac could attract significant in-kind contributions from India/Europe/Asia • SC accelerating structures • RF sources • Instrumentation • Magnets/power supplies • $150-200M (TPC metric) plausible Significant R&D collaboration for >5 years with India • Discussions at DOE-DAE level on potential Indian in-kind contributions S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  47. Mu2e w/ PIP-II Can operate PIP-II linac up to ~15% duty factor with cryogenic system as designed RF system as designed can support 2 mA (averaged over 1 msec) at 15% duty factor RFQ can supply 10 mA MEBT chopper can provide arbitrary bunch patterns for separation at downstream end of linac. Mu2e Operations: • 10% micro-duty factor (100 ns×1 MHz) • 13.5% macro-duty factor (9 ms×15 Hz) • 10%×13.5%×10mA×800 MeV = 108 kW S. Henderson, CERN Visit

  48. Mu2e w/PIP-II 9 ms, 1 mA (Mu2e) 1ms, 2 mA (Boo) 67 ms 100 ns, 10 mA 6 ns 1 ms S. Henderson, CERN Visit

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