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Almost at the END…

Almost at the END…. English Civil War. Long Parliament. Sat for 13 years Planned to pass the Grand Remonstrance, which proposed to change the role of the King in government, and to remove many of this powers.

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Almost at the END…

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  1. Almost at the END… English Civil War

  2. Long Parliament • Sat for 13 years • Planned to pass the Grand Remonstrance, which proposed to change the role of the King in government, and to remove many of this powers. • Yet, the Magna Carta signed in 1215, limited the scope with which Parliament could alter the King’s role. • Charles invades the House of Commons (against the law) to arrest the parliamentary leaders. This is the triggering event of the war on Parliament.

  3. Rump Parliament • In 1642, Civil War breaks out; Parliament left in the hands of the Puritans and Presbyterians. • Charles tries to play one side off against the other. • Colonel Pride drives 143 Presbyterians out of Parliament, thus leaving a “Rump Parliament,” and the remaining government charges the King with treason.

  4. The Civil War • 1642, King Charles raises his standard near Nottingham, thereby beginning a Civil War which was to last for 7 years. • Supporters of King Charles known as Royalists or Cavaliers. • Charles wins a number of small battles, but could never gain a decisive victory. • Leader of the “New Model Army” Oliver Cromwell and his army of “Roundheads.” • Roundheads defeat Royalists at Naseby and Marston Moor. • Charles forced to flee to Scotland, later handed over to Parliament

  5. Trial of the King… • 1649, King Charles was charged with treason, the act of trying to overthrow the king. • Found guilty and sentenced to death. • After a short speech on a cold January afternoon, King Charles was executed.

  6. Charles’ thoughts… • Charles did not recognize the authority of the court and felt the charge was absurd; he refused to speak in defense of himself. • He could not see how he could have committed a crime since he could not overthrow himself. • By law, it was one’s right to be judged fairly by one’s peers. He had no peers, therefore, the court was not legal.

  7. Then came Cromwell…then Charles II • Charles II worked to restore the Divine Right • Ensured majority of support within Parliament • Royal supporters “Tories” • Royal opponents “Whigs” • Got rid of the Blue Laws • Life returned to the way it had been • Regicides – punished • Members of Rump Parliament “hung, drawn and quartered”

  8. Test Act • Parliament passed the Test Act to protect the Church of England (Protestant) • Forbade Catholics from holding office or joining the professions. • Charles’ Catholic brother James had to give up his position as High Admiral

  9. James II and the Glorious Revolution • Charles II dies in 1685; his brother James succeeded the throne. • A Catholic- worked to restore Catholicism • Went against Parliament be giving high offices to Catholics • Rebellion broke out (not in favor of James II)

  10. James II • Organized a reign of terror – execution of rebels (aka- Bloody Assizes) • Parliament was appalled: • Invited James’ Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange to rule England • They had to sign the “Bill of Rights” giving Parliament the right to govern the country • James’ supporters fled the country. • James abdicated his throne.

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