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Objective: To examine the Russian Revolutions and the impact they had on World War I. Vladimir Lenin, 1917. Bloody Sunday January 22, 1905. The Czar’s Winter Palace in St. Petersburg
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Objective: To examine the Russian Revolutions and the impact they had on World War I. Vladimir Lenin, 1917
Bloody SundayJanuary 22, 1905 The Czar’s Winter Palace in St. Petersburg Citizens seeking better working conditions, more personal freedom, and a national legislature are met by general and police chiefs – 500-1,000 unarmed people are killed
The Opening of the Duma:Possible Reforms? 1906 • After Bloody Sunday Revolution, Czar Nicholas formed the Duma- Russia’s first parliament. • Hesitant to share power he dissolved it 10 weeks later
Bolshevik Plan The Years Before the War • Adaptation of Marxist ideas of overthrow of communisim • Wanted elite group to keep much of power over Russia • As Russia’s problems grew more serious, Bolsheviks gained more followers • Czar Nicholas hoped entering WWI on the side of the Allied Powers would cause people to rally to his leadership • Russia a troubled nation • Czar Nicholas II had promised reform after 1905 revolution, but delivered little real change • Bolsheviks sought to change life through revolution, wanted to overthrow czar • Led by Lenin, wanted proletariat to rule Russia as socialist country Russia and World War I
Conditions Grow Worse • Czar Nicholas II took personal command of forces, 1915 • Move made little sense since he knew little of military matters • Czar’s fate became linked with fate of Russian armed forces • Bad situation grew worse under Czar’s command • Russian army seemed doomed • Central Powers were able to stop Russian offensive • Destroyed Russian soldiers’ faith in leadership • Army had little strength, even less confidence • Conditions in Russia worse than on battlefield • Food, goods scarce; peasants grew desperate • Unpopular Czarina relied on Grigory Rasputin, viewed as corrupt, immoral • Shaky support for Russian monarchy dipped even lower
Russian Revolutions First Russian Revolution February 1917 – Riots protesting the shortage of food forced Russia’s Czar Nicholas II from power
Communist / Bolshevik Revolution October 1917 – The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, seized power in Russia and began the communist revolution.
Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany and dropped out of the war. Germany then sent their troops on the Eastern Front to the Western Front.
Russian Czar Nicholas II, left, and his son Prince Alexei are shown sawing wood to heat the dwelling in Siberia, where they were held during the Russian Revolution. The entire royal family was executed by the Bolsheviks in 1918.
Communism – a theory that supports the elimination of private property and the equal distribution of goods -Government controls. Created by the German philosopher Karl Marx. Karl Marx (1818-1883).
In 1922- Russia became known as the U.S.S.R. For the Union of Soviet Socialists Republics. Capital of U.S.S.R. was Moscow Bolsheviks renamed their party Communist Party Lenin controlled as a dictator until his death in 1924 Communist symbol located on the flag of the former U.S.S. R.
