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Indexing Māori Names

Indexing Māori Names. ANZSI Conference 13 March 2013. Overview. Historical personal names Some rules of contemporary Māori orthography Options for treatment of definite articles in indexes. Historical personal names. Tribal names Baptismal names Whaling names Abbreviated names

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Indexing Māori Names

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  1. Indexing Māori Names ANZSI Conference 13 March 2013

  2. Overview • Historical personal names • Some rules of contemporary Māori orthography • Options for treatment of definite articles in indexes

  3. Historical personal names • Tribal names • Baptismal names • Whaling names • Abbreviated names • Adoptive names, e.g., names of prominent Pākehā • Transliterations or anglificationsof any of these variants

  4. Example: TeKeepaTeRangihiwinui (Major Kemp) • Born early 1820s, tribal name: TeRangihiwinui • Everyday tribal name: Taitoko • Baptised in early 1840s, took the name Kemp • Used the transliterated version Te Keepa; also spelt Te Kepa;in some documents is written Keepa or Kepa • Promoted to major in November 1868 and became widely known as Meiha Keepa, or Major Kemp • In 1886 he sold 4,000 acres of the Horowhenua block to the government. He specified that the town to be established there be named Taitoko. Now the Māori name for Levin. • Listed in DNZB entry as Te Rangihiwinui, Te Keepa • Cross-references important

  5. Macrons • Should be standard and regarded as correct spelling – very uncommon now to see double vowels • Should be used in all historical names • For living people, should only be used where this is known to be the person’s preference

  6. Resources • TeTauraWhiriite Reo Māori:‘Guidelines for Māori Language Orthography’ • Te Ara(including DNZB): www.teara.govt.nz • Te Aka online dictionary (including historical transliterations): www.maoridictionary.co.nz • Fletcher’s Index of Māori Names:http://www.waikato.ac.nz/library/resources/nzc/fletcher/

  7. Some rules of contemporary Māori orthography • The following notes are from the Māori Language Commission’s Guidelines for Māori Language Orthography (pp. 13-16) available from http://www.tetaurawhiri.govt.nz/english/pub_e/downloads/Guidelines_for_Maori_Language_Orthography.pdf

  8. Division of compound proper names 1 • Minimise use of hyphens or writing long names as separate words • Six or fewer syllables no hyphens: • Hinenuitepō • Tamanuiterā • Tāmakimakaurau

  9. Division of compound proper names 2 • Seven or more syllables: break into constituent parts, using a hyphen to link the parts: • Hine-tūā-hōanga • Tamatea-pōkai-whenua • TeRuahine-mata-māori

  10. Division of compound proper names 3 • Where names begin with ‘Te’, the ‘Te’ is always written as a separate word: • Te Rauparaha • Te Ruahine-mata-māori • Except where a name beginning with ‘Te’ is embedded in a longer name: • Te Tuarā-o-Te-Rangihaeata • Te Taurapa-o-Te-Waka-a-Māui

  11. Division of compound proper names 4 • Where names begin with Ngā (or the southern dialect version Kā) this is not separated out: • Ngā-toki-mata-whao-rua • Kā-pākihi-whakatekateka-a-Waitaha

  12. Division of compound proper names 5 • Where any of the particles ‘a’, ‘o’, or ‘ā’ occur within a name, the name is hyphenated to show its constituent parts: • Taupō-nui-a-Tia • Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa • Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti

  13. Division of compound proper names 6 • Where any of the particles ‘te’, ‘i’ or ‘ki’ occurs within a name, the name is not hyphenated (unless one of the other rules obtains): • Hinenuitepō • Tamanuiterā • but Hine-te-iwaiwa (7 syllables)

  14. Division of compound proper names 7 • It is not necessary to separate out the commonly occurring adjectives ‘nui’, ‘iti’ or ‘roa’: • TeWhanganui-a-Tara • Taupōnui-a-Tia • TeTokanganui-a-Noho

  15. Division of compound proper names 8 • For names for the seas, other water masses, coasts and regions beginning with ‘Te Tai’, both ‘Te’ and ‘Tai’ stand alone unless ‘Tai’ is followed directly by ‘o’ or ‘a’: • Te Tai Tokerau • Te Tai Poutini • Te Tai-o-Rehua • TeTai-o-Marokura

  16. Division of compound proper names 9 • In the names of iwi (tribes) and hapū (sub-tribes), the words ‘Ngā’, ‘Ngāi’, ‘Ngāti’, ‘Te’ and ‘TeĀti’ are written separately: • NgāPuhi • Ngāi TeRangi • Te Āti Awa • TeĀtiHau-nui-a-Pāpārangior Te ĀtiHaunui-a-Pāpārangi

  17. Division of other compound words 1 • Hyphens are no longer widely used in compound words (there are some exceptions) • Four vowels or fewer written as one word: • wharekai‘dining room’ • Five or more vowels written as two (or more) words: • whare karakia‘church’

  18. Division of other compound words 2 - Flora and Fauna • Compound names of birds, fish, insects, plants, etc are generally written as separate words, with no hyphens: • kiwi kura North Island brown kiwi • mangō pare hammerhead shark • tīkōuka cabbage tree

  19. Division of other compound words 3 • The prefix ‘ā’ meaning ‘in the manner of’ is linked to the following word (only) by a hyphen: • waiata ā-ringa action song • hui ā-tau annual meeting • tikanga ā-iwicultural practice

  20. Capitalisation 1 • Proper names nested within longer names take capitals: • Māui-tikitiki-a-Taranga • Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa • TeIka-a-Māui • TeTauihu-o-Te-Waka-a-Māui

  21. Capitalisation 2 • In names of organisations, departments etc, the initial letter of the first word is capitalised, as well as the initial letter of all subsequent proper names, nouns, adjectives and verbs: • TePunaMātauranga o Aotearoa (National Library of New Zealand) • TeRuaMahara o teKāwanatanga(Archives New Zealand) • TeKunengakiPūrehuroa(Massey University)

  22. Capitalisation 3 • Proper names of geographical features and iwi groupings etc, only the iwi name etc is capitalised: • Taranaki maunga • Waikato awa • Taupōmoana • TeArawawaka • Tūrangawaewae marae

  23. Common initial elements: Te, Ngā, He, Ngāti • Names and phrases such as te reo Māori, te ao Māori, Te Tiriti o Waitangi, Te Puni Kōkiri • Treatment is similar for the group of words that precede iwi and hapū names iwi prefixes: Ngāti, Ngāi, Ngā, Te Āti.

  24. Treatment of common initial elements • Decision made based on the extent of Māori material in the book. • Treatment should be different between a book that is packed with Māori names and a book in English that has some Māori names.

  25. Example 1: NgaIwi o Tainui

  26. Example 2: Māori legal dictionary

  27. Example 2: Māori legal dictionary cont. • A few exceptions to this (legislation, official names of organisations that have been legislated): • TeTureWhenua Māori 1993 • TeTauraWhiriite Reo Māori (Māori Language Commission) • TePuniKōkiri (Ministry of Māori Development)

  28. Example 3:Penguin History of New Zealand

  29. Some other ordering considerations - macrons • Vowel with a macron should precede vowel without a macron, where all elements (i.e., spelling) are otherwise the same, e.g.: • ānā • āna • anā • ana

  30. Some other ordering considerations – ‘ng’ and ‘wh’ • Question of whether to follow English or Māori rules. • In a Māori language text expect these to be separated out, eg, as in the example above from Nga Iwi o Tainui. • In an English language text placed in alphabetical order.

  31. Kia ora tātou

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