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Kenneth N. Barish Spin 2006 Kyoto Japan Oct 2, 2006

PHENIX Spin Program Recent results & prospects. Kenneth N. Barish Spin 2006 Kyoto Japan Oct 2, 2006. Proton Spin Structure at PHENIX. Heavy Flavors. Prompt Photon. Production. The PHENIX Detector for Spin Physics. Philosophy (initial design): High rate capability & granularity

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Kenneth N. Barish Spin 2006 Kyoto Japan Oct 2, 2006

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  1. PHENIX Spin Program Recent results & prospects Kenneth N. Barish Spin 2006 Kyoto Japan Oct 2, 2006

  2. Proton Spin Structure at PHENIX Heavy Flavors Prompt Photon Production

  3. The PHENIX Detector for Spin Physics • Philosophy (initial design): • High rate capability & granularity • Good mass resolution & particle ID • Sacrifice acceptance • p0/g/h detection • Electromagnetic Calorimeter: • p+/p- • Drift Chamber • Ring Imaging Cherenkov Counter • J/y • Muon Id/Muon Tracker • Relative Luminosity • Beam Beam Counter (BBC) • Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC) • Local Polarimetry - ZDC • Filters for “rare” events

  4. PHENIX polarized-proton runs Longitudinally Polarized Runs Transversely Polarized Runs ** initial estimate

  5. Total Raw Data Volumes • WAN data transfer and data production at CC-J in RIKEN, Wako Japan • 60MB/s sustained rate using grid • 570 Tb transferred in Runs 5 & 6 Production for all PHENIX data-sets completed by start of Run-7

  6. I. Gluon Polarization GS95 xDG(x) prompt photon cceX bbeX J/ Robust measurement covering wide xg region through multiple channels: • Results • π0 200GeV – Run 3, 4, 5 (prelim + minbias), 6 (level2) • 64GeV – Run 6 (prelim) • π± Run 5 (prelim) • Jet-like Run 4, 5(prelim) • h Run 5(prelim) • J/yRun 5, 6 (level2) • Photon Coming soon.

  7. Measuring ALL • Helicity Dependent Particle Yields • (Local) Polarimetry (ZDC) • Relative Luminosity (R=L++/L+-) – BBC (ZDC) • ALL ++ same helicity + opposite helicity * Longitudinal

  8. 0cross section at 200GeV p0 Dg2 DgDq Dq2 NLO pQCD calculations are consistent with cross-section measurements

  9. ALL of 0 at Ös=200GeV Kieran Boyle 2A: Tues 14:15 Lower pT Run6 points will come with full production

  10. ALL of 0 at Ös=200GeV g = 1.84 Kieran Boyle 2A: Tues 14:15 g = 0.42 at Q2=1(GeV/c)2 best fit to DIS data Run5 data not consistent GRSV-max in this x-range. Run6 sufficient to differentiate GRV-std from Dg=0

  11. ALL of 0 at Ös=62.4GeV • Low FoM but good high-x coverage Kazuya Aoki 2A: Tues 14:30

  12. ALL of ±at Ös=200GeV Run 5 Astrid Morreale 2A: Tues 16:15 K. Barish

  13. ALL of jet-like cluster at Ös=200GeV Run 5 Kenichi Nakano 2A: Tues 17:00 g • “Jet” detection: tag one high energy photon and sum energy of nearby photons and charged particles • Definition of pT cone: sum of pT measured by EMCal and tracker with R = (||2+||2) • Real pT of jet is evaluated by tuned PYTHIA

  14. ALL of h and J/y at Ös=200GeV Dg2 DgDq Dq2 Ming Liu 2A: Fri 19:05 h Frank Ellinghaus 2A: Tues 16:30 • Complementary to p0 measurement • h fragmentation function net yet available.

  15. Prompt g production at Ös=200GeV g DgDq DqDq • “Golden Channel” • Gluon Compton Dominates • PHENIX well suited, but not easy & requires substantial L & P Run 3 Takuma Horaguchi 2A: Tues 17:15 hep-ex/0609031

  16. ALL of prompt gat Ös=200GeV Isolation cut to reduce background Run 5 Eg signal isolated pi0 photon R ALLg coming soon! Takuma Horaguchi 2A: Tues 17:15

  17. II. Transverse Spin (AN) PT MPC XF 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 MUON CENTRAL BBC Kinematical Coverage @ 200GeV 0o CAL 0 1 2 3 4 5 Rapidity (Sivers effect) transversely asymmetric kt quark distributions (Collins effect) spin-dependent fragmentation functions (Twist-3) quark gluon field interference • π0/π±/h± • 200GeV – run 2 (published), 5 (prelim) • 64GeV – run 6 (prelim) • J/y • Run6 (level2) • Forward neutron – s,xF dependence • MPC

  18. Forward neutrons at Ös=200GeV charged particles neutron Run 5 Manabu Togawa 4: Mon 16:15 Large cross section is measured at √s=200GeV and consistent with xF. K. Barish

  19. AN of J/yat Ös=200GeV • Sensitive to gluon Sivers as produced through g-g fusion • Charm theory prediction is available • How does J/y production affect prediction? Han Liu 2B: Tues 17:50

  20. AN of p0 and h± for y~0at Ös=200GeV |h| < 0.35 hep-ex/0507073 (hep-ex/0507073) π0 (2001/02) Run 2 Run 5 pt (GeV/c) pt (GeV/c) PRL 95(2005)202001 • AN is 0 within 1%  interesting contrast with forward p May provide information on gluon-Sivers effect • gg and qg processes are dominant • transversity effect is suppressed

  21. Di-Hadron Azimuthal Correlations Doug Fields 2B: Tues 16:45 Possible helicity dependence Run 5 Spin-correlated transverse momentum (orbital angular momentum) may contribute to jet kT.

  22. Muon Piston Calorimeter (MPC) • p0 detection in forward direction • 3.1 < |h| < 3.65 • South arm installed for Run 6 test. • Expect 200GeV longitudinal and 62GeV longitudinal & transverse results • North currently being installed and will be ready for Run 7 MIP Peak Andrey Kazantsev 2A: Mon 15:15 Mickey Chiu 2B: Mon 16:30

  23. III. Future Prospects • High luminosity and polarization • 200 & 500 GeV Running • Upgrades • Muon trigger upgrade • Nose-Cone Calorimeter Upgrade • Silicon barrel and forward upgrade

  24. Neutral pion projections • Spin plan: • 65 pb-1 at √s=200GeV & 70% pol • 309 pb-1 at √s=500GeV & 70% pol see Spin report to DOE http://spin.riken.bnl.gov/rsc/

  25. Prompt photon projections • Spin plan: • 65 pb-1 at √s=200GeV & 70% pol • 309 pb-1 at √s=500GeV & 70% pol see Spin report to DOE http://spin.riken.bnl.gov/rsc/

  26. PHENIX Upgrade Components Muon from hadron decays Silicon barrel endcap Muon from W R1 charm/beauty & jets: displaced vertex R2 R3 Nosecone calorimeter g,g-jet,e,p0,h,c W and quarkonium: improved m-trigger rejection Muons from hadrons Muons from Ws pmuon

  27. Future Acceptance for Hard Probes NCC NCC MPC MPC VTX & FVTX EMCAL 0 f coverage 2p EMCAL -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 rapidity (i) p0 and prompt g with combination of all electromagnetic calorimeters (ii) heavy flavor with precision vertex tracking with silicon detectors (iii) combine (i)&(ii) for g-jet measurements

  28. Flavor separation of q and q sea W production Helicity of quarks defined • Produced in parity violating V-A process • Flavor almost fixed: flavor analysis possible • Couples to weak charge • PHENIX-Muon Arms John Lajoie 2A: Fri 18:45 Requires high luminosity 500GeV running + high rate muon trigger

  29. Spin Physics with Silicon Vertex Upgrade • Access heavy-flavor through measurement of displaced vertices. • Rough jet and xg determination for g-jet measurements x K. Barish

  30. Nose Cone Calorimeter Q2 104 full 500 GeV Central arms prompt  NCC 500 GeV 103 NCC prompt  central 102 10 SMC SLAC/ HERMES 1 10-1 10-3 1 10-2 10-5 10-1 10-4 x log(xg) • NCC Spin physics … • Expands PHENIX’s kinematical coverage for jets, inclusive neutral pions, electrons, and photons to forward rapidity • Detection of both hadron jet and final state photon possible with the NCC and new silcon tracking detectors. • DG with NCC at low-x through jet-g, p0, e-m, open charm. • Isolation cut for W-bosons

  31. Summary • PHENIX is well suited to the study of spin physics with a wide variety of probes. • DG with neutral and charged pions, photons, etas, heavy flavor via muons and electrons, multi-particle “jets” … • Anti-quark helicity distribution via W decay • Transversity and Sivers distributions • New ALL measurements • Run 5 (π± , jet-like, h , minbias π0) and Run6 (filtered π0 & J/y) • Statistics at level to differentiate GRSV-std from DG=0. • New AN measurements • Run 6 J/y, forward neutrons (s & xF), & forward p0 (MPC) • We have an upgrade plan that will give us the triggers and vertex information that we need for precise future measurements of DG, Dq and new physics at higher luminosity and energy Enjoy all the PHENIX talks detailing our results!

  32. PHENIX talks at Spin06

  33. Brazil University of São Paulo, São Paulo China Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing Peking University, Beijing Czech Charles University, Prague, Republic Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague Finland University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla France LPC, University de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand Dapnia, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette IPN-Orsay, Universite Paris Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay LLR, Ecòle Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Palaiseau SUBATECH, Ecòle des Mines at Nantes, Nantes Germany University of Münster, Münster Hungary Central Research Institute for Physics (KFKI), Budapest Debrecen University, Debrecen Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest India Banaras Hindu University, Banaras Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay Israel Weizmann Institute, Rehovot Japan Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Tokyo Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima KEK, Institute for High Energy Physics, Tsukuba Kyoto University, Kyoto Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki RIKEN, Institute for Physical and Chemical Research, Wako RIKEN-BNL Research Center, Upton, NY Rikkyo University, Toshima, Tokyo Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Waseda University, Tokyo S. Korea Cyclotron Application Laboratory, KAERI, Seoul Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea Kangnung National University, Kangnung Korea University, Seoul Myong Ji University, Yongin City System Electronics Laboratory, Seoul Nat. University, Seoul Yonsei University, Seoul Russia Institute of High Energy Physics, Protovino Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna Kurchatov Institute, Moscow PNPI, St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg Lomonosoy Moscow State University, Moscow St. Petersburg State Technical University, St. Petersburg Sweden Lund University, Lund 14 Countries; 68 Institutions; 550 Participants USA Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA University of Colorado, Boulder, CO Columbia University, Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, NY Florida Institute of Technology, FL Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, IL Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA University of Maryland, College Park, MD University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM Dept. of Chemistry, Stony Brook Univ., Stony Brook, NY Dept. Phys. and Astronomy, Stony Brook Univ., Stony Brook, NY Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN

  34. Extra slides…

  35. The PHENIX Detector for Spin Physics • p0/g/h detection • Electromagnetic Calorimeter: • High pT photon trigger to collect p0, h, g • Acceptance: h<|0.35|, f = 2 x p/2 • High granularity (~10*10mrad2) • p+/ p- • Drift Chamber/Ring Imaging Cherenkov Counter • High pT charged pions (pT>4.7 GeV). • J/Y • Muon Id/Muon Tracker • Multiple muon triggers. • Relative Luminosity • Beam Beam Counter (BBC) (3.0< h<3.9) • Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC) (±2 mrad) • Local Polarimetry - ZDC • Filters “rare” events for fast analysis • Dimuon for J/y • pT>2.5 GeV photon for p0 • Philosophy: • High rate capability & granularity • Good mass resolution & particle ID • Sacrifice acceptance

  36. Run-1 to Run-6 Capsule History Run Year Species s1/2 [GeV ] Ldt NTot p-p Equivalent Data Size 01 2000 Au+Au 130 1 mb-1 10M 0.04 pb-13 TB 02 2001/2002 Au+Au 200 24 mb-1 170M 1.0 pb-110 TB p+p 200 0.15 pb-1 3.7G 0.15 pb-1 20 TB 03 2002/2003 d+Au 200 2.74 nb-1 5.5G 1.1 pb-146 TB p+p 200 0.35 pb-1 6.6G 0.35 pb-1 35 TB 04 2003/2004 Au+Au 200 241 mb-1 1.5G 10.0 pb-1 270 TB Au+Au 62 9 mb-1 58M 0.36 pb-1 10 TB 05 2004/2005 Cu+Cu 200 3 nb-1 8.6G 11.9 pb-1 173 TB Cu+Cu 62 0.19 nb-1 0.6G 0.8 pb-1 48 TB Cu+Cu 22.5 2.7 mb-1 9M 0.01 pb-1 1 TB p+p 200 3.8 pb-1 85B 3.8 pb-1 270 TB 06 2006 p+p 200 10.7 pb-1 230B 10.7 pb-1 310 TB p+p 62 0.1 pb-1 28B 0.1 pb-1 25 TB

  37. PHENIX Data Production • Take advantage of collaboration resources: • Run-5 • Cu+Cu 200 GeV at RCF • May to August, 2006, 1.7G events in 4 months • Cu+Cu 62.4 GeV at PHENIX 1008 farm • Feb to March , 2006 0.6G events in 2 months • Cu+Cu 22.5 GeV at PHENIX 1008 farm • A few days to process 9M events • p+p 200 GeV at CC-J in Japan • Essentially complete • All (270 TB) shipped via network to CC-J. • Level-2 stream produced at ORNL • Run-6 • p+p 62 GeV at PHENIX 1008 farm • Complete • p+p 200 GeV at PHENIX 1008 farm • Production for transverse polarization underway • p+p 200 GeV at PHENIX CC-J • Production for longitudinal polarization about to start • Level-2 produced at Vanderbilt • Simulation at Vanderbilt, LLNL, New Mexico • WAN data transfer and data production at CC-J (computing center in Japan, RIKEN, Wako) • 60MB/s sustained rate • 6 TB/day = 70 MB/sec max • Run5pp: 260 TB transferred • Run6pp: 310 TB transferred • 200 GeV transverse/radial 100 TB • 200 GeV longitudinal 160 TB • 62.4 GeV 50 TB Production for all PHENIX data-sets completed by start of Run-7

  38. Use Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC) to measure a L-R and U-D asymmetry in forward neutrons (Acceptance: ±2 mrad). When transversely polarized, we see clear asymmetry. When longitudinally polarized, there should be no asymmetry. Local Polarimetry at PHENIX Raw asymmetry Raw asymmetry YELLOW BLUE f f Raw asymmetry Raw asymmetry YELLOW BLUE f f Idea: Use neutron asymmetry to study transversely polarized component.

  39. Measured Asymmetry Longitudinal Running (2005) LR c2/NDF = 82.5/97 p0 = -0.00423±0.00057 c2/NDF = 88.1/97 p0 = -0.00323±0.00059 UD XF>0 XF>0 UD c2/NDF = 119.3/97 p0 = -0.00056±0.00063 c2/NDF = 81.7/97 p0 = -0.00026±0.00056 LR XF<0 XF<0 • <PT/P>= • 10.25±2.05(%) • <PL/P> = • 99.48±0.12±0.02(%) • <PT/P>= • 14.47±2.20(%) • <PL/P> = • 98.94±0.21±0.04(%) Fill Number Fill Number

  40. Calculating p0 ALL • Calculate ALL(p°+BG) and ALL(BG) separately. • Get background ratio (wBG) from fit of all data. • Subtract ALL(BG) from ALL(p°+BG): • ALL(p°+BG) = wp° · ALL(p°) + wBG · ALL(BG) • This method is also used for other probes with two particle decay mode: • h, J/Y

  41. 62 GeV: Local Polarimetry Red : transverse data, Blue : longitudinal data • Forward Neutron asymmetry reduced at 62 GeV, but still measurable. Blue Forward Blue Backward xpos xpos Yellow Forward Yellow Backward xpos xpos

  42. ALL of 0 at Ös=62.4GeV Kazuya Aoki 2A: Tues 14:30 • Low FoM but good high-x coverage Run 6

  43. Additional topics… • Single electron and muon ALL • RUN2 single muon from heavy flavor decay hep-ex/060932 • RUN5 single electron from heavy flavor decay hep-ex/0609010 • AN of jet kT • Anti-lambda • Spin transfer • A_LL for polarized PDFs Ran Han 2A: Fri 14:15

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