1 / 165

Estados Unidos Mexicanos AP Comp Government 2013

Estados Unidos Mexicanos AP Comp Government 2013. Key Themes. Decline of Illiberal Democracy- especially until 2000 2006 divisive election-PAN gains control of Congress 2012- will PRI return? Changing Political Culture distrust in political institutions return of PRI? Cleavages.

kane-cobb
Download Presentation

Estados Unidos Mexicanos AP Comp Government 2013

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Estados Unidos Mexicanos AP Comp Government 2013

  2. Key Themes • Decline of Illiberal Democracy- especially until 2000 • 2006 divisive election-PAN gains control of Congress • 2012- will PRI return? • Changing Political Culture • distrust in political institutions • return of PRI? • Cleavages

  3. Presidential Election 2006 The Result . . . BBC July 7, 2006

  4. Lots of Protest. . . Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador may have lost the vote counting after the 2 July presidential election in Mexico. But he is still the big winner on the streets of the capital city. Hundreds of thousands of enthusiastic Lopez Obrador supporters crammed into the square known as Zocalo, in the heart of Mexico City's historic central district on Saturday. There was no empty space, save behind a few huge banners that blocked the view of the stage. Men, women and children cheered wildly and waved yellow flags. They chanted the name of the man they believe won last week's election. Mexico City is Mr Lopez Obrador's most passionate constituency BBC July 9 2006

  5. The party at the heart of Mexico City's protest STREET FIESTA: Supporters of Mexico's left-leaning presidential candidate Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador fry food on improvised gas cookers. Their street protest has closed down more than five miles of Mexico City's Reforma boulevard. CSM Aug 15, 2006 ( a month after the last slide)

  6. SO then . . . A partial recount NYT Aug. 5 — A seven-member electoral tribunal on Saturday unanimously rejected a demand from the leftist candidate for president for a complete recount of votes, setting the stage for more protests by thousands of his supporters who have camped out in the capital, claiming the election last month was fraudulent. The judges ruled there were arithmetic errors and other irregularities that warranted a recount of votes in about 10 percent of the polling places. Those polling places are located in 145 of the 300 electoral districts and 26 of the 32 states. Supporters of Andrés Manuel Lopéz Obrador, the Mexican leftist candidate, weeping Saturday after his call for a total vote recount was rebuffed

  7. In the municipality of Zapopan, officials checked ballots during a recount ordered by the electoral tribunal. NYT Aug 10, 2006

  8. Protests continue: Mexico lawmakers stop Fox speech There were chaotic scenes in Mexico's Congress as left-wing lawmakers forced outgoing President Vicente Fox to abandon his final annual address. Before Mr Fox arrived, the legislators, who allege fraud in recent elections, marched onto the main podium where they shouted slogans and waved placards. Mr Fox later delivered the speech on TV from his official residence BBC Sept 2, 2006

  9. Sept 6 2006 Federal Electoral Tribunal declares a winner . Mexico's top electoral court has rejected claims July's presidential election was riddled with fraud. The judges said a partial recount of votes had not changed the original result, which gave narrow victory to conservative candidate Felipe Calderon. In their final ruling on Tuesday, the judges concluded Mr. Calderón won the election by a mere 233,831 votes out of 41.5 million cast, a margin very close to the official tally done in early July The Mexican president-elect, Felipe Calderón, accepted cheers Tuesday at his party’s headquarters in Mexico City. NYT Sept 5 2006

  10. Final Tally from the CIA factbook: Felipe CALDERON elected president; percent of vote – Felipe CALDERON (PAN) 35.89% Andres Manuel Lopez OBRADOR (PRD) 35.31%, Roberto MADRAZO (PRI) 22.26% other 6.54%;

  11. Mid Sept –Still Mass Protests Supporters of Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, who narrowly lost Mexico's presidential election, held a mass rally in the capital's main square.

  12. Yes, He Lost Mexico’s Vote, So He’s Swearing Himself In NYT Nov 20 2006 About 100,000 people crowded into Constitution Plaza in Mexico City on Monday to watch Andrés Manuel López Obrador swear himself in.

  13. And on the eve of Caldron's Swearing in Ceremony. . . A lawmaker from the conservative National Action Party gave pillows to colleagues in Mexico’s Congress on Wednesday as they and members of the leftist Democratic Revolutionary Party scuffled for control of the dais MEXICO CITY, Nov. 30 — It is a measure of the problems Felipe Calderón will confront as president when he is sworn in on Friday that both his conservative supporters and leftist opponents have camped out on the dais in Congress where the ceremony is to take place. The leftists swear they will stop Mr. Calderón from taking the oath of office. The conservatives vow to ensure that he does. The standoff has become comic, as legislators from both sides have stayed up all night singing ranchero songs in between hurling fists and insults. NYT Dec 1, 2006

  14. Legislators scuffled in Congress before bodyguards ushered in Felipe Calderón to be sworn in as president. NYT Dec 1, 2006

  15. Amid Catcalls, Mexico’s President Is Sworn In MEXICO CITY, Dec. 1 — It was not pretty, but Felipe Calderón, the new president of Mexico, managed to take the oath of office in Congress Friday, as opposition lawmakers whistled and catcalled and the losing leftist candidate staged a massive march down the central avenue of the capital. Never before in modern Mexican history has a president been sworn in under such chaotic and divisive conditions. At midnight, as President Vicente Fox’s term ran out, the government took the step of broadcasting the private swearing-in of Mr. Calderón at the presidential residence, a legal necessity usually not publicized. Minutes later, Mr. Calderón spoke on national television to urge lawmakers to “respect the Constitution” and let the ceremony take place. The call went unheeded. Mr. Calderón’s opponents from the leftist Democratic Revolution Party tried to block the entrances to Congress to prevent him from being publicly sworn in. But with his conservative National Action Party supporters ringing the podium, he and Mr. Fox were spirited in by bodyguards through a door near the dais at the front of the chamber at 9:50 a.m.

  16. As allies applauded and opponents jeered, Mr. Calderón, in sash, beside his predecessor, Vicente Fox, took his oath and left

  17. Results in Congressional Elections “Shift of Power in Mexico’s Congress” 2006 Mexico's ruling National Action Party (PAN) has become the largest party in Congress for the first time. But the final results of the 2 July elections, released on Wednesday, saw the party fall short of the outright majority required to govern alone. The PRD came in second place, ahead of the Institutional Revolutionary Party which governed for more than 70 years. . . . . In the legislative elections, the PAN won 206 seats in the 500-seat Chamber of Deputies and 52 seats in the Senate. Mr Obrador's Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) won 126 seats in the lower chamber and 29 in the Senate.

  18. One year later . . . . From the Economist Mexico's teetering president

  19. 2009: On the ballot were seats for 500 federal legislators, six governors and about 500 mayors and local legislators in 11 states. : Results http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_legislative_election,_2009

  20. But . . . After elections in July 2009 . . . Opposition Wins Majority in Mexican Vote A voter cast his ballot on Sunday in Mexico City. The party of the Mexican president became the second largest in Congress. See results at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_legislative_election,_2009

  21. Calderón's hatful of troubles The PRI’s victory means that change in Mexico now depends more on the former ruling party than on the president After Mexico's mid-term election Jul 9th 2009 Not only did the PRI, which ruled Mexico for seven decades until 2000, more than double its seats in the lower house of Congress. It also won five of the six state governorships in play and many important mayoralties. Although it won only 37% of the vote (on a turnout of 45%), the PRI will now take most of the decisions that matter over the next three years PRI’s slogan . . . .“proven experience, new attitude”.

  22. Note you need 251 for a majority 2009 Elections: Chamber of Deputies: - seats by party—PRI 237, PAN 142, PRD 69, PVEM 21, PT 13, other 10 2006 Elections Chamber of Deputies - seats by party - PAN 206, PRD 127, PRI 103, PVEM 18, CD 17, PT 16, other 13 (500 total) ; Senate: seats by party - PRI 33, PAN 52, PRD 26, , PVEM 6, CD 5, PT 5, independent 1; 2003 elections– Chamber of DeputiesPRI: 224; PAN 149; PRD 97; PVEM 17; PT 6; CD5; independents 2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_legislative_election,_2003 2000 elections – Chamber of Deputies: PAN and PVEM “Alliance for Change” 221; PRI: 211; PRD, PT, PAS, CD PSN “Alliance for Mexico” 68 total 500 Senate PAN and PVEM “Alliance for Change “51, PRI 60, PRD, PT, PAS, CD PSN “Alliance for Mexico” 17 total 128 1997 elections Chamber of Deputies: PRI 239; PRD 125; PAN 121; PT 7; PVEN 6 total 500

  23. OVERVIEW: facts and figures

  24. Overview: Regime type • Presidential democracy; federal republic • Economy: Capitalist-statist (Freedom House designation) • On paper: separation of powers, checks and balances, federalism, bicameral • Until 2000: one party dominant regime (opposition parties were represented in legislature, but one party controlled the process , centralization of power, “Presidencialismo” • chief of state: Felipe CALDERON • head of government:Felipe CALDERON See also: http://www.economist.com/countries/Mexico/profile.cfm?folder=Profile%2DPolitical%20Structure

  25. Sovereignty, Authority, and Power Emiliano Zapata Revolutionary and land reformer, killed in an ambush in 1919

  26. Violent Evolutionary Stages • Bloody Revolution versus Spain (1810 – 1821); • Nation-Building (1821 – 1921) from independence to the formation of the Partido Revolucionaro Institucional (PRI), and • Economic Boom of the 1960’s, Economic Crisis of the 1980’s and 1990’s, an Assassination of a leading Presidential candidate (Luis Colosio), a Rebellion in Chiapas (both 1994), and a Political Loss for the PRI in 2000. 2000: A watershed in Mexican Politics Wedding, pp. 136 & 137

  27. Historical & Political Turning Points Wedding, p. 137

  28. Historical and Political Turning Points Wedding, p. 137

  29. Historical and Political Turning Points Wedding, p. 137

  30. Bases of Legitimacy • Revolution—ideology of national unity, social justice, agrarian reform • “Mexicanization” • Constitution • Gov’t’s rolein promoting economic growth, social welfare • 2000 Election • Concernsabout legitimacy due to scandals, corruption, lawlessness, inequality, 2006 election Picture of Zapata by Diego Rivera

  31. Political Culture: Beliefs • Democracy, not authoritarian; but . . . Democracy = equality > freedom • Distrust govt and state; Political elites seen as arrogant and distant • Low efficacy; disinterest in govt • Historically tolerated cooption, but corruption testing this • “proud of Indian past, ashamed of Indian present”

  32. OVERVIEW: Population • Ethnic Groups: mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian 30%, white 9%, other 1% • Religions: nominally Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 6%, other 5% • Languages: Spanish, various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languages CIA Factbook

  33. DRESS CODE: Martha Ramirez works at her stand in Tijuana, Mexico. City regulations will now require vendors to wear traditional dress or a city uniform. http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0705/p06s03-wogn.html

  34. Political Culture: Socialization • Family • Schools—federally mandated curriculum and textbooks • Religion: --89% Catholics --until 1920, Catholic church actively participated in politics; Priests often led populist movements --Early 20th c. government turned anti-cleric; --church influenced has declined but Church run private schools still educate many middle to upper class children

  35. Political Culture: Socialization • Authoritarian elements: instead of mass mobilization, PRI limited and controlled participation • Mass Media controlled through PRI by funding • More independent since 2000 • Electoral reform of 1996 mandates FEI monitors election coverage for bias, leads to more participation • Salinas’ privatization leads to more competition in TV broadcasting

  36. Citizens, Society, and the State MEXICO CITY, Mexico (AP) -- President Vicente Fox said Friday that U.S. activists who have called a new Mexican postage stamp racist don't understand the issue and should read the comic book. 7/1/05 www.cnn.com/.../americas/ 12/01/mexico.fox.04/ Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) In Mexico, 52% of voters are women CNN 2000 election

  37. Cleavages: Ethnic • 60% Mestizo, and 30% AmerIndian • Indigenous: Glorified in history, tradition and revolution, but now . . . • politically marginalized and victims of Mexico's worst poverty, compared to Mexico's wealthy elite who tend to be lighter skinned and of European origins • Leads to Chiapas . . .

  38. CHIAPAS Who: mostly Mayan Indians What: form Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) When: Jan 1994 Where:occupied several towns in State of Chiapas Why: Indigenous rts. democratization, end to neo-liberal economic reforms

  39. Subcomandante Marcos IMPACT: surprisingly popular within Mexico and, together with the economic crisis, helped erode PRI political dominance and to accelerate electoral reforms http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/1214676.stm

  40. Since the Zapatistas launched an armed rebellion 1994, the Mexican army has moved between 40,000 and 60,000 troops into the state of Chiapas. Although significant clashes between the rebels and the army have been few, the military, local police and armed paramilitary groups hired by large landowners have been accused of committing numerous human rights abuses against villagers suspected of sympathizing with the rebels. http://www.drake.edu/artsci/PolSci/ipe/VivaMarcospage.html

  41. http://www.drake.edu/artsci/PolSci/ipe/Muralpage.html This mural adorns one wall of a restaurant in San Cristobal. Note the artist's bold political commentary on the choices facing the indigenous peasants of Chiapas. The masked figure on the right represents Subcommandante Marcos, a leader and spokesperson for the E.Z.L.N., or Zapatistas, who sparked a rebellion against the Mexican state that began on January 1, 1994 - the very day that NAFTA went into effect.

  42. Zapatista supporters of Subcommander Marcos awaited him in Palenque on Tuesday. In his speeches, he blames "savage capitalism" and the rich for social problems from gay-baiting to racism to domestic violence. Marcos on tour, in San Cristóbal de las Casas on Wednesday Jan 4NYT Jan 6, 2006

  43. The Outcome • 1996 Peace Accord signed b/w Zedillo govt and EZLN • promised protection of indigenous languages and granted indigenous communities’ political autonomy • . . . But never implemented • Vicente Fox, claimed he could resolve the Chiapas conflict "in 15 minutes" • . . . but has not yet been able to make peace • Fox's recent proposed constitutional amendment granting more indigenous rights was watered down by Congress, • . . . And the Zapatistas rejected it

  44. Cleavages--Area • Region: Federal District (Mexico City) and northern borders states most privileged; Southern (especially Chiapas, Oaxaca and Guerrero) and central worse • North is characterized by large-scale export agriculture; land is much more fragmented in the south. South far poorer infrastructure, lower levels of education, and more poverty.

  45. Maquiladoras • foreign owned plantsthat import materials or parts to assemble for re-export • account for about half of all of Mexico's exports, generate more foreign exchange for Mexico than any other sector, including oil • At first, concentrated along the Mexican-U.S. border, now more wide spread • exacerbating north-south gap • Prefer to hire women userwww.sfsu.edu/ ~jdrew/web/maquila.html

  46. REGIONAL CLEAVAGES • Federal District (Mexico City) and northern borders states most privileged; Southern (especially Chiapas, Oaxaca and Guerrero) and central worse • North --large-scale export agriculture; South land more fragmented and far poorer infrastructure, lower levels of education, and more poverty Rural Urban:70% of the population that lives in extreme poverty live in rural areas

  47. Majority candidate per state according to PREP. Blue: Felipe Calderón, Yellow: Andrés Manuel López Obrador

More Related