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CORROSIVES

CORROSIVES. 1. DEFINITION AND PROPERTIES. Corrosives – substances that cause visible destruction or irreversible alterations on metals / metallic compounds or human tissue . Often omit corrosive fumes Many examples with differing modes of action. 2. ACIDS. a. General Properties

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CORROSIVES

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  1. CORROSIVES

  2. 1. DEFINITION AND PROPERTIES Corrosives –substances that cause visible destruction or irreversible alterations on metals / metallic compounds or human tissue. Often omit corrosive fumes Many examples with differing modes of action

  3. 2. ACIDS a. General Properties Produce H+ “Burns” skin, leaving scars b. Oxidizing vs. Nonoxidizing Acids

  4. EXAMPLES OXIDIZING ACIDS • Sulfuric Acid - H2SO4 • Industrial importance • Common Hazards • High Heat of Dilution • Strong Dehydrating Agent • Reactivity / Oxidizing agent

  5. 2. Nitric Acid – HNO3 Industrial importance Hazards Corrosive nature on metals and organics Corrosive Nature on Skin 3. Perchloric Acid – HClO4 4. Chlorosulfonic Acid – ClSO3H

  6. EXAMPLES NONOXIDIZING ACIDS • Hydrofluoric Acid – HF • Weak nonoxidizing acid • Hazards to human tissue • Why don’t store in glass containers?

  7. 2. Hydrochloric Acid – HCl Common name Hazards Vaporizing Acid Reactivity with metals Corrosive to skin tissue

  8. 3. Acetic Acid – CH3COOH Name for concentrated form Hazards Toxic vapors Incompatible with Oxidizing Agents Proper storage

  9. 3. BASES a. General Properties Produces OH- Corrosive effect on skin b. Examples

  10. EXAMPLES OF BASES • Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) • Hazard to Skin • Hazard - High Heat of Solvation • 2. Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH) • Hazards • Where commonly found?

  11. 4. HALOGENS Examples – F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 Hazards Vapors Corrosive to skin

  12. 5. PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES Personal protection Hoods Proper handling of bottles Don’t mix strong acids & bases **Proper Storage Spill containment material

  13. 6. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Spills on skin / clothing Clean-up of Acid / Bases Spills **Recall general procedures Actual clean-up method

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