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Robotics

Robotics. The History of Robots. 2000 B.C.: lever action dogs in Egyptian tomb. Middle Ages: movable figures on clocks. Automatons: a human-like figures that moved automatically. The History of Robots. 14th Century: Strasbourg - mechanical rooster that flaps its wings & crows at noon.

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Robotics

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  1. Robotics

  2. The History of Robots • 2000 B.C.: lever action dogs in Egyptian tomb. • Middle Ages: movable figures on clocks. • Automatons: a human-like figures that moved automatically.

  3. The History of Robots • 14th Century: Strasbourg - mechanical rooster that flaps its wings & crows at noon.

  4. The History of Robots • 19th Century: a Canadian inventor built “The Steam Man”. It could walk in a circle and blow a whistle.

  5. “Robot” • Comes from the word “robota” which means “forced labor” in Czechoslovakian. • Word “robot” first used in a play by Karel Capek in 1921. • Title: R.U.R(Rossum’s Universal Robots) • Robots made to free humans from hard work. • Given human emotions, then wanted their freedom. • Rebel against humans, annihilating everyone except company founder. • Realize mistake, no one left who knows how to make spare parts. • Two Thumbs Up!!!!

  6. A costume from “R.U.R”

  7. Elektro & Sparky • New York World’s Fair - 1939 • Elektro could count on his fingers, walk, and give Sparky commands, and tell the difference between red & green.

  8. Robot Laws“I Robot” by Isaac Asimov 1950 • #1: A robot may not injure a human being or through inaction allow a human being to come to harm. • #2: A robot must obey orders given if by human beings except where such orders conflict with the First Law. • #3: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

  9. ENIAC - The First Computer

  10. ENIAC - The First Computer

  11. Early Beginnings • 1954: G. Devol - primitive programmable arm. • 1975: V. Scheinman developed Programmable Universal Manipulation Arm (PUMA), capable of moving an object & placing it in any orientation in a desired location.

  12. What is a Robot ? • “A robot is a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices, through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.”

  13. What is a Robot ? • Manipulator: The robot must have a mechanical arm. • Reprogrammable: The robot must have a computer-based controller which can be programmed through software. • Multifunctional: Robots must be versatile - capable of performing different tasks.

  14. System Components • Manipulator • End Effector • Controller • Sensors

  15. Manipulator • The mechanical arm. • Function is to move the end effector to different positions in space and change its orientation. • Must be strong enough to carry workpieces, yet flexible and precise.

  16. End Effector • Tool or device on the end of the robot arm to perform a task. • Most common is a gripper for grasping and picking up objects. • Could also be a tool such as a welding gun or a spray painting attatchment.

  17. Controller • Device to control the motion of the robotic arm. • Calculates motion of each joint to produce proper arm movement. • Monitors motion of each joint and sends commands to control speed & correct positioning errors (feedback). • Reads input data & sends output signals to activate grippers, tools, or other devices. • Communicates between operator & robot.

  18. Sensors • Internal or external devices that provide data on the position of the motors or joints. (feedback) • External: limit switches.

  19. Robots at Work - Flame Cutting

  20. Robots at Work - Welding

  21. Robots at Work - Lifting

  22. Robots at Work - Painting

  23. By: C. Spangler South Colonie High School

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