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Foundations of Independence: African Resistance Between the World Wars. Kongo-Wara War. Began with a “prophet” named Karnu - Advocated passive resistance to colonial authority Around 1927 his followers began armed revolt - Approx. 350,000 took part Revolution grew until 1931 but failed
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Foundations of Independence: African Resistance Between the World Wars
Kongo-Wara War • Began with a “prophet” named Karnu - Advocated passive resistance to colonial authority • Around 1927 his followers began armed revolt - Approx. 350,000 took part • Revolution grew until 1931 but failed - Brutal Colonial repression - The last rebels hid in caves
Independent Christian Churches • Spread of Christian Churches without European control of doctrine - Why would this contribute to resistance in a general sense? • Specific example is Simon Kimbangu - God freeing the Congolese - Didn't pay taxes - Didn't grow cash crops for gov't
Working Together • Large strikes for better pay and working conditions • Impact in mining and railroad industries • Some early trade-unions • African-run welfare organizations - helped combat local injustices
Pan Africa Movement • Idea of “Africa for the Africans” • Growth of an African nationalism - Shared identity in being African as well as individual tribe • Particular influence with a growing class of educated Africans - Growing awareness of systematic injustice • Negritude movement created pride in being black
Marcus Garvey • Inspirational Pan-African Figure - Spoke about Africa as a kingdom for Africans • Named himself “President of the United States of Africa” • Giant d-bag and piece of scum • Never actually visited Africa