1 / 8

VARIABLES

VARIABLES. and other things related to methodology. Variables . A variable is a trait that differs from one case to another. Traits that do not differ are called constants There are different type of variables Continuous Discrete Independent Dependent. Confounding .

kara
Download Presentation

VARIABLES

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. VARIABLES and other things related to methodology

  2. Variables • A variable is a trait that differs from one case to another. • Traits that do not differ are called constants • There are different type of variables • Continuous • Discrete • Independent • Dependent

  3. Confounding • Confounding variables are conditions or traits which may or may not be known by the researcher that may taint or have an affect on the results. • Interveningvariables might be intelligence or motivation. • Organic variables are relatively permanent physical traits which cannot be easily changed such as eyesight, hearing, or coordination • Extraneous variables are temporary in nature such as fatigue, anxiety, distraction, discomfort, or excitement.

  4. Sources of Data • Data is information obtained from individuals, objects, or procedures. Data has primary and secondary sources. • Primary data is firsthand information • Physical objects, original reports, records, and eyewitness accounts. • Test scores, demographic records, attendance records • Secondary Data comes from reports or interpretations of primary data • Researchers always review the literature to see it they can find such related studies.

  5. Review of Literature Information found in a REVIEW OF LITERATURE is used for the following purposes: • To orient, guide, and define the limits of the study. • As secondary data possibly useful in the topic under investigation • As primary data in what are called meta-analytical studies which analyze numerous existing studies to draw conclusions.  Usually the review of literature provides only context and guidance for research. 

  6. Sources of Data • Participants • Procedures • Settings • Objects • Records • Documents • Informants

  7. Procedures Used to Collect Data • Verbal Description • Notation • Recording • Analysis • Objects • Relics • Documents • Procedures • Questioning • Survey • Interviews • Testing • Measurement

  8. Participants, Sample, Populations • Participants people • Samples (n) are groups of individuals selected from a larger population • Population (N) contains all the individuals within certain descriptive parameters.

More Related