CULTURAL EXPRESSION AND AWARENESS

1. CULTURAL EXPRESSION AND AWARENESS Lesson2 Different aspects of culture

2. Politics and government • The Union of SovietSocialist Republics (USSR) and USA / Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty • Britain and France / System territories of Research and Training • USA and France / System of Tuition of Assistance and Research Treaty Which countries have signed the START

3. Politics and government • START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) • The purpose of this contract is disarmament. (Signed in 1991, 1993, 1997, 2010) • START (for Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) was abilateral treaty between theUnited States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms. The treaty was signed on 31 July 1991. START negotiated the largest and most complex arms control treaty in history, and its final implementation in late 2001 resulted in the removal of about 80 percent of all strategic nuclear weapons then in existence.

4. Politics and government • New START is anuclear arms reduction treaty between theUnited States of America and theRussian Federation. It was signed on 8 April 2010 inPrague and after ratification, entered into force on 5 February 2011. It is expected to last at least until 2021.

5. Politics and government • Albania • TheRepublic of Macedonia • Croatia Which of the countries is no a candidate to the European Union?

6. Politics and government • Albania applied forEuropean Union membership on 28 April 2009. Officially recognized by the EU as a "potential candidate country”. On December 16, 2009 the European Commission submitted the Questionnaire on accession preparation to the Albanian government. Albania returned answers to them on April 14, 2010. Candidacy status was not recognized by the EU along with Montenegro in December 2010, due to the long-lasting political row in the country.

7. Politics and government • Secretary-General of UN • Secretary-General NATO • Secretary-General of the Council of Europe Who is Ban Ki-Moon?

8. Politics and government • Ban Ki-moon (born 13 June 1944) • is theeighth and current Secretary-General of the United Nations, aftersucceedingKofi Annan in 2007. Before becoming Secretary-General, Ban was a career diplomat in South Korea'sMinistry of Foreign Affairs and in the United Nations.In the foreign ministry he established a reputation for modesty and competence.

9. Politics and government 1992 / Agreement of Czechoslovakia disappearance - peaceful way 1992 / Grand Nation revolution – war 1994 / coup – the sudden unconstitutional deposition of agovernment, taking over power and declaration of independence. When and in what way Czechoslovakia broke –up?

10. Politics and government • Some notes on Czechoslovakia • Czechoslovakia, a country in central Europe that existed from 1918–93. The country consisted of the Czech lands (Bohemia and Moravia) and Slovakia. In 1993 Czechoslovakia broke up into two independent countries, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

11. Politics and government • Otto von Bismarck / Germany • Benito Mussolini / Italy • Francisco Franco / Spain Who wanted to unite the state by “iron and blood“ and which of the state it is?

12. Politics and government • Blood and Iron (German:Blut und Eisen) • is the title of a speech by German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck given in 1862 about the unification of the German territories. It is also a transposed phrase that Bismarck uttered near the end of the speech that has become one of his most widely known quotations.

13. Religion • was born as Karol JózefWojtyła. He was the most esteemed person for many Poles. John Paul II was known as a supporter of the ecumenical movement and he played an important role in the fall of communism in Poland. • The Pope John Paul II (1920 - 2005) was born as Peter JózefDudek. He was the most esteemed person for many Hungarians. John Paul II was known as a supporter of the ecumenical movement, and he played an important role in the fall of communism in Hungary. Please select the correct statement: The Pope John Paul II (1920 – 2005)

14. Religion Muslims do not have to eat and drink during the fasting month from the east to sunset and is rejected smoking in public as well. Muslims do not have to eat and drink during the fasting month each eighth day and is rejected smoking in public and private as well. Please select the correct statement: In Islam

15. Religion In Judaism Saturday is holy. You can not enter in the shoes into the synagogue and head of men and women must be covered. In Judaism is Friday holy. You can not enter in the shoes into the mosque and head of men and women must be covered. Please select the correct statement

16. Religion Great tribute is addressed to Buddha, a founder of the Buddhism. To touch statues of Buddhais allowed. In the temples you have to sit because your head must not protrude Buddha. Appropriate tribute is addressed to Buddha, a founder of the Buddhism. It is allowed to touch all statues of Buddha because you are closer to him in your mind. In the temples you have to stand because your head must protrude Buddha. Please select the correct statement:

17. Religion Pantheon has been used as a Roman Catholic church dedicated to "St. Mary and the Martyrs" but informally known as "Santa Maria Rotonda ". Pantheon has been used as an Evangelist church dedicated to "St. Mary and the Martyrs" but informally known as "Santa Maria Rotonda ". Please select the correct statement:

18. Food and drink Tafelspitz is a typical ………… (Austrian) dish. The beef is simmered along with root vegetables and spices in the broth. Franz Jozeph I, Emperor of Austria, was a great lover of Tafelspitz. Gazpacho is a cold ……….. (Spanish) tomato-based, raw vegetable soup, originally in the southern region of Andalusia. Please fill in the answer

19. Food and drink Fisherman's Soup or halászlé originates from the …………. (Hungarian) cuisine, a bright red hot soup prepared with generous amounts of hot paprika and carp or mixed river fish. Roast pork with dumplings and Sauerkraut (vepřo-knedlo-zelo) is considered the most popular ………… (Czech) dish. It can be prepared from cabbage or from sauerkraut, which is most common. Please fill in the answer

20. Food and drink Fasolada, a bean soup defined in many cookery books as the traditional ........... (Greek) dish, sometimes even called "the "national food of the ..........(Greeks)". It is made of beans, tomatoes, carrot, celery and a generous amount of olive oil usually served witha variety of salty side dishes. Please fill in the answer

21. State and cultural symbols 1. Cyprus a) Athens Finland 2. Slovakia b) Helsinki 3. Spain c) Bratislava Slovakia Germany 4. Greece d) Vienna Cyprus e) Nicosia 5. Austria Spain 6. Germany f) Madrid 7. Finland g) Berlin Greece Austria

22. Cultural Traits • Greek cultural traits • People prefer trading with friends, so it is very important to built friendships and relationships. Networking and becoming an insider is necessary for a successful trade. They appreciate business partners that are persistent and do not give up easily. • Polish cultural traits • People are generally religious. They are famous for hospitality, patriotism and courage. On the other hand young people are more oriented to Western Europe.

23. Cultural Traits • German cultural traits • Some traits historically associated with these people are hospitality, frankness, generosity and suspicion. • Romanian cultural traits • Here are some traits historically associated with this country and its people: cleanliness, orderliness, sincerity, efficiency, firmness loyalty and thoroughness. They are thrifty, hard working and industrious. These people respect perfectionism in all areas of business and private life.

24. Cultural Traits • Lithuania cultural traits • People are generally thought of as being reserved and more individualistic. People will generally feel disturbed by, and resent unannounced visits, except some by very close friends and family. They are very time conscious and value punctuality and the pace of life is quite hectic as people rush around to arrive at places on time. • United Kingdom cultural traits • People are traditionally inclined on the reserve side, are family oriented and are regarded as persistent. They also regard themselves as being hospitable, tidy, diligent, sincere and full of national pride.

25. Cultural Traits • Italian cultural traits • Almost all friends and family kiss each other on the cheeks upon arrival and departure. A lot of people have a very loud way of talking and of expressing their emotions. They are generally very open about their emotions and about their lives. They are generally very friendly with everyone and do not find the need to gossip and criticize each other. • Hungarian cultural traits • People are humanistic thinkers and people – oriented, yet free – spirited, stubborn individualists. They respect people who know what they are doing, but reject authoritarian rules. In their eyes an optimist is a person who is poorly informed. The majority of these people still value their relationships above all other sources of happiness.

26. Cultural Traits • French cultural traits • People are very traditional. Old-age traditions like flamenco dancing and bullfighting are still very relevant today. People love to celebrate and have fun and take every opportunity to do so. There's a fantastic range of food, wine, sangria and beer available on every corner. • Spanish cultural traits • People cherish their culture, history, language and cuisine which is considered for art. They have been and are today world leaders in fashion, food, wine, art and architecture. They embrace novelty, new ideas and manners with enthusiasm as long as they are elegant.

27. Customs, traditions and festivals • Festival of the Flood • Celebrated 5 days • 23th January • An ancient custom, dolls signifying witches are burnt atop blazing fires Custom and traditions in Cyprus Please select the right answer (s) Kataklysmos in Cyprus is:

28. Customs, traditions and festivals • The annual Kataklysmos (Festival of the Flood) • is a festival celebrated for five days fifty days after Easter in all the coastal towns, but the biggest event takes place in Larnaka.At the heart of the festival is a joyful procession to the sea where people sprinkle each other with water.The festival begins with an ecclesiastical ceremony.

29. Customs, traditions and festivals • The “Oktoberfest”, • The “Carnival”, • The “Bayreuth Festival” • The “Busseto Carnival” Custom and traditions in Germany Please select the right answer: Popular festivals in Germany are:

30. Customs, traditions and festivals • The Germany's biggest and best-known festival is the Munich Beer Festival, also known as the "Oktoberfest". • More than six million people from all over the world visit these festivals in Germany each year. • Carnival • Carnival” is celebrated all over Germany but particularly in the Rhineland and in the strongly Catholic regions of Germany. • “Bayreuth Festival” • is a music festival held annually in Bayreuth, at which performances of operas by the 19th century German composer Richard Wagner are presented.

31. Customs, traditions and festivals People give small presents to each other On the Saturday before Easter Sunday people go to the church People painted eggs for Easter and draw on them some patterns People painted small ball for Easter and draw on them some patterns Custom and traditions in Poland Please select the right answer (s) For Easter in Poland is common:

32. Customs, traditions and festivals • In Poland, Easter is the happiest day of the year, when the CatholicChurch celebrates the resurrection of Christ. Polish people have always kept the fasting period during the six weeks preceding Easter.Easter in Poland has its special culinary dimension. The food which is blessed on Holy Saturday is eaten on Easter Sunday during what is called Easter Breakfast. Colourful eggs, bread, cake, salt, paper and white colour sausages are laid nicely in the basket. What is carried to church in a small basket is of course just a sample of the whole Easter Breakfast.

33. Customs, traditions and festivals People are dressed in various funny costumes People are singing, dancing in the streets of the village and have a disco till late at night Takes place from Three Kings´Day until the midnight before the Ash Wednesday People make a various type of handcraft typical for Slovakia Custom and traditions in Slovakia Please select the right answer Typical of the “Fašiangy” in Slovakia:

34. Customs, traditions and festivals • Fašiangy celebrations • usually lasted from the Sunday before Lent until Tuesday midnight. Typically a happy group of costumed and masked youths walked from house to house playing music. They dressed up as many different characters. It may seem that Fašiangy was a time of fun and foolishness, but it served apurpose as village people and townsfolk could have fun and enjoy themselves before Lent.

35. Customs, traditions and festivals A major cultural event of the nation attracting thousands of dancers and many more specαtators from all over the world Held every year in the capital city of Vilnius Inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Masterpiece List (2004) Held every four years in the capital city of Vilnius Custom and traditions in Lithuania Please select the right answer(s) The Lithuanian Folk Dance Festival is:

36. Customs and festivals • The Lithuanian Folk Dance Festival is a major cultural event of the nation attracting thousands of dancers and many more spectators from around the world. The Festival is held every four years in the capital city of Vilnius. The First Festival was organized in Kaunas In 1937. There is used a choreographyof some of the most popular dances, such as Suktinis, Noriumiego and others.

37. Music and literature Always on My MindAlw--s on M- M-nd Which cover of an Elvis song gave the Pet Shop Boys a number one in 1987?

38. Music and literature Marilyn Monroe M- - - lyn Mo- - -e About which movie star did Norman Mailer write?

39. Music and literature Sir Winston ChurchillSir Winston Ch----ill Which Prime Minister wonin Britain last Nobel Prize for literature? Beethoven

40. Music and literature Botticelli Bot- - c-ll- Which Italian artist painted The Birth of Venus? Beethoven

41. Music and literature Be- -h-v-n Who did compose the opera "Fidelio"? Beethoven

42. Etiquette and manners There is a circle made up by thumb and forefinger or mediator means “all right". In Brazil, this is a sign of sexual intercourse. There is a circle made up by thumb and forefinger or mediator means “all right". In Brazil, this is a sign of abuse. Please select the correct answer

43. Etiquette and manners The North American “O.K.” sign is extremely rude in Venezuela. The North American “O.K.” sign is extremely rude in Netherlands. Please select the correct answer

44. Etiquette and manners In China is allowed to smack. Give others know that you taste it. In China and Japan tips are considered as insult. Much more better is to praise a cook. In China is not allowed to lick or smack. It is an expression of contempt. In China and Japan are tips considered as necessity. Tips are usually 15 % of the meal price. Please select the correct answer

45. Etiquette and manners In Romania, guests have to wait to be told where to sit, as there is a strict protocol to be followed. Jackets are not to be removed without permission or until the most senior ranking Romanian does. Guests in Romania do not have to wait to be told where to sit. Jacket is removed without permission. Please select the correct answer

46. Etiquette and manners Language of the flowers is different in various countries. For example, in Japan and China mourn color is white and on the contrary you should not donate a yellow flowers in Russia. Language of the flowers is different in various countries. For example, in Russia mourn color is white and on the contrary you should not donate a yellow flowers in Japan and China Please select the correct answer

47. Sport Romanian gstaynmisc (gymnastics) has had a large number of successes. In the 1975 Summer Olympics the gstaynm (gymnast) “Nadia Comãneci became the first gstaynm (gymnast) ever to score a perfect “ten”. England´s national sport is rekctic (cricket), although too many people see a football (Soccer) as a national sport, probably because it is the most popular. Please select the correct answer

48. Sport • ceIckhoye (Ice hockey) • is the second most popular sport in Europe with it being the most popular sport in Sweden, Finland, Czech Republic, Latvia, Belarus, Slovak Republic and Russia.

49. Sport • Traditional sports in Switzerland • include Siswstslgirewn (Swiss wrestling) or “Schwingen”. It is an old tradition from the rural central cantons and considered the national sport by some. restWresl (Wrestlers) wear gnweritsl (wrestling) breeches with belts that are used for taking holds. Throws and trips are common because the first competitor to pin his/her opponent's shoulders to the ground wins the bout.

50. Sport • misnipAl (Alpinism) • is very famous because Italian nisilaspt (alpinists) wrote several pages of history in this sport. Reinhold Messner was the first man in the world to reach the 14 summits over 8000 meters and the first one to climb Everest alone and without oxygen.