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Perspective!!!. Igor Juricevic & John M. Kennedy. Outline. Basics of perspective What is perspective? Why study perspective? Why study perspective pictures? Experiments 1-4 The ART theory Is the ART theory general across observer position? Is the ART theory general across eye-height?
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Perspective!!! Igor Juricevic & John M. Kennedy
Outline • Basics of perspective • What is perspective? • Why study perspective? • Why study perspective pictures? • Experiments 1-4 • The ART theory • Is the ART theory general across observer position? • Is the ART theory general across eye-height? • Is the ART theory general across object orientation?
What is perspective? • Leonardo • Perspective is nothing else than seeing a place or objects behind a plane of glass, quite transparent, on the surface of which the objects behind the glass are to be drawn.
What is perspective? from Taylor (1719)
Why study perspective? • Perspective is the basic geometry of the visual system • Determines the information available to the visual system
Why study perspective pictures? • Reason 1: explain picture perception • Since the Renaissance… paradoxes concerning picture perception have plagued the consciousness of mankind • Explanations by: • Leonardo da Vinci • Albert Einstein • other guys… • have all FAILED!!!
Why study perspective pictures? • Reason 1: explain picture perception • Reason 2: explain spatial perception
Reason 2: explain spatial perception • The assumption • There is nothing special about picture perception • Picture Perception = Everyday Perception • So, a theory that can account for picture perception will account for everyday perception as well • But… • Why not just study Everyday Perception?
Reason 2: explain spatial perception • Why not just study everyday perception? • Newtonian Physics vs. Einstein’s Physics
Reason 2: explain spatial perception • Why not just study everyday perception? • Everyday perception will give you a “Newtonian Physics” theory of vision • Picture perception may give you an “Einstein’s Physics” theory of vision • Why? Because you can put people in novel situations • i.e., you can have the observer at the wrong vantage point
Observer is: JUST RIGHT Experiment 1 Observer is: TOO FAR Observer is: TOO CLOSE
Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110) Observer is: TOO FAR
Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110) Observer is: TOO FAR
Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110) Observer is: TOO FAR
Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110) Observer is: JUST RIGHT
Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110) Observer is: TOO CLOSE
Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110) Observer is: TOO CLOSE
Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110) Observer is: TOO CLOSE
The ART theory • The “Angles and Ratios Together” theory • Angles • “Angle from the Normal” • Ratios • Visual Angle ratios • Together • Together
D C A B O The ART theory
The ART theory: Angle from the Normal D C A B O
The ART theory The “ART Theory Ranges”
The ART theory • Able to account for Experiment 1… • Can it generalize to other situations? • Like…
The ART theory • Changes in observer position?
Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110)
Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110)
Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110)
Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110)
Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110)
Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110)
Compressed (Average Response <90) Perspective Constancy (Average Response 90-110) Elongated (Average Response >110)
The ART theory • Changes in observer position? YES
The ART theory • Changes in eye-height?