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Chapter 13

Chapter 13 . Cardiovascular System. Basics of this system. Organs Heart Pumps 7k L/day Blood Vessels Arteries AtriolesCapilariesVenulesVeins Two circuits Pulmonary Systemic Without circulation, what would happen?. Structure of Heart. Basics- Heart is a muscular pump. Location

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Chapter 13

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  1. Chapter 13 Cardiovascular System

  2. Basics of this system • Organs • Heart • Pumps 7k L/day • Blood Vessels • ArteriesAtriolesCapilariesVenulesVeins • Two circuits • Pulmonary • Systemic • Without circulation, what would happen?

  3. Structure of Heart • Basics- Heart is a muscular pump. • Location • Between 2nd and 5th intercostal space • Pericardium • Visceral, Parietal • Wall of Heart • Epi-,Myo-,Endo- • Cardium

  4. Chambers and Valves

  5. Flow of Blood • Starting at Right atrium… • Tricuspid valve • Right Ventricle • Pulmonary Valve • Pulmonary Artery • Lungs • Pulmonary Veins • Left atrium • Bicuspid valve • Left Ventricle • Aortic valve • Aorta

  6. The cusps (flaps) of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves are anchored to the ventricle walls by fibrous “cords” called chordae tendineae, which attach to the wall by papillary muscles. This prevents the valves from being pushed up into the atria during ventricular systole.

  7. Right Atrium • Right Atrioventricular Valve (Tricuspid Valve) • Right Ventricle • Left Atrium • Left Atrioventricular Valve (Mitral Valve) • Left Ventricle • Papillary Muscle • Chordae Tendinae • 9. Mitral Valve cusps

  8. Cardiac Conduction • SA Node • Junctional Fibers • AV Node • AV Bundle • Perkinje Fibers

  9. Bruce Protocol

  10. Heart Actions

  11. Heart Actions

  12. Can you identify these parts?

  13. Heart Actions

  14. Heart Actions • During one complete heartbeat • Systole- contraction of chamber • Diastole- relaxation of a chamber • Cardiac cycle • Difference in pressures • Atria Ventricle • 70% of blood moved by pressure alone • VentriclesArteries • Difference in pressure • Atria fill as ventricles contract

  15. Heart Sounds • Two part sound (use stethoscopes if available) • Lubb-Dupp • Lubb- ventricle contraction • Dupp- ventricle relaxation

  16. ECG • Electrocardiogram • Recording of the electrical events during a cardiac cycle • P Wave • Depolarization of the atria • QRS Complex • Depolarization of ventricles • T Wave • Repolarization of the ventricles

  17. An ECG is printed on paper covered with a grid of squares. Notice that five small squares on the paper form a larger square. The width of a single small square on ECG paper represents 0.04 seconds. A common length of an ECG printout is 6 seconds; this is known as a "six second strip." Interpreting ECGs

  18. Each one of the figures represents an ECG pattern displaying three types of abnormal rhythms: Tachycardia, Bradycardia, and Arrhymthmia. Identify each. Analyze an ECG

  19. Regulation of Cardiac Cycle • Volume of blood pumped changes • Exercise • Controlled by Medulla Oblangata • Parasympathetic • Impulses decrease heart rate • Sympathetic • Increase heart rate and force of contractions • Temperature • Baroreceptors

  20. Cardiac Output • Cardiac Output • Stroke Volume • LVEDV-LVESV • Heart Rate • Q=SV x HR

  21. Changes in HR, SV, CO • SNS • PNS • Venous Return • Exercise • Elite Athletes • Calcium • HR • BP

  22. Arteries and Veins

  23. Tunica Externa • Tunica Media • Tunica Interna • Vasoconstriction • Vasodilation

  24. Capillaries

  25. Blood Pressure • Pressure is highest in arteries, why? • Systolic • Dyastolic • Pulse • Recoiling of the arterial walls

  26. Factors Influencing BP • Stroke Volume • Blood discharged per contraction of ventricles • Cardiac Output • SV x HR • Blood volume • 5 liters in adult • Peripheral Resistance • Friction between blood and blood vessels • Viscosity • Fluid content

  27. Cardioinhibitor Reflex • Cardioaccelerator Reflex

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