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Chapter 6

Chapter 6. Nouns and pronouns. Pronunciation of final –S-ES. Final –s is pronounced /s/ after voiceless sounds. consonant sounds, Pronounce each of these consonant sounds and feel NO vibration in your throat. ex: /t/, /p/, /k/.

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Chapter 6

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  1. Chapter 6 Nouns and pronouns

  2. Pronunciation of final –S-ES • Final –s is pronounced /s/ after voiceless sounds. consonant sounds, Pronounce each of these consonant sounds and feel NO vibration in your throat. ex: /t/, /p/, /k/. *map/s/ *mouth/s/ *seat/s/

  3. Final –s is pronounced /z/ after voiced sounds. using the voice, Pronounce each of these consonant sounds and feel vibration in your throat. ex: /d/, /r/, /l/, /m/, /b/, /v/. *hole/z/ *seed/z/ *live/z/ *laws/z/

  4. Final –s / -es is pronounced /az/ after -sh, -ch, -s, -z, -ge, -dge sounds. *classes  class/az/ *judges judg/az/ *itches itch/az/ * bridgesbridge/az/ * sizes  size/az/

  5. Subject, verb, and object • An English sentence has a SUBJECT (S) and a VERB (V). 1- plants grow 2- Birds fly (s) (v) (s) (V) SUBJECT (S), VERB(V), OBJECT (O) 1- plants need water 2- Sam is reading a book (s) (v) (o) (s) (v) (o)

  6. Every  singular word *every student *every girl *every word *everyone *everybody • People is a plural noun and takes a plural verb. * people are friendly. * there are a lot of people.

  7. Using ADJECTIVES to describe NOUNS * I read a good book (adj) (n) * Noura is a beautiful girl ADJ don’t have plural form. ADJ ususally come immediately before nouns * she wore a new dress. ADJ can also come after main verb be. * his shirt was white * she is pretty girl • Using NOUNS as ADJECTIVES * this garden has flowers.  I have a flower garden * this store has shoes.  the shoe store also sells socks.

  8. POSSISIVE NOUNS. • When we want to show that something belongs to somebody or something, we usually add 's to a singular noun and an apostrophe ' to a plural noun.

  9. Using Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives • A possessive pronoun is used instead of a noun: EX: Julie's car is red. Mineis blue. • A possessive adjective is usually used to describe a noun, and it comes before it, like other adjectives: EX: Mycar is bigger than hercar. • Remember: There are no apostrophes in possessive pronouns and adjectives. EX: The dog wagged its tail. “It's” is not a possessive pronoun or adjective — it means “it is”: It'snot my dog.

  10. REFLEXIVE ORONOUNS • When the subject and the object are the same person. ex: John saw me I saw myself.Davidsent him a copy  John sent himself a copy. My dog hurt the cat. My dog hurt itself. Can you help my children?  Can you help yourselves?

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