Georgia State University Series

1. Georgia State University Series Glossary

3. ASL - American Sign Language (ASL) is a manual language distinct from spoken English. It has its own syntax and grammar, and is the second most common language in the United States. Its history began in France in the late 1700�s, and brought to the U.S. in 1815 by Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc. ASL is used as an expressive language, and written English is used to communicate with the hearing world. This communication method is also referred to as ASL/ESL or Bilingual/Bicultural. Like any living language, ASL continues to evolve. Assistive Listening Devices (ALDs)- refers to systems that improve the signal-to-noise ratio by transmitting amplified sound directly to the listener and transforms sound into a visual or tactile signal.

6. Babbling: consonant-vowel clusters that babies produce that sound like speech (ba-ba, da-da) Behind-the-ear hearing aid - (BTE) these hearing aids rest behind the ear and present the amplified signal through a tube that is connected to a custom-fit earmold that fits in the child�s ear. Due to children�s rapid growth, custom earmolds for infants and toddlers must be refit frequently.� Bilateral Hearing Loss - a hearing loss in both ears� Bilingual/Bicultural - in this method American Sign Language (ASL) is taught as the child�s primary language, and English as a second language. ASL is recognized as a true language in its own right and does not follow the grammatical structure of English this method is used extensively within the Deaf community.�

11. deaf - with a lowercase "d", this term refers to individuals who have a medical/audiological condition of having little or no hearing. This term does not have any implication of the individual*s cultural or community involvement.� Deaf - with an uppercase "D", this term refers to individuals who identify themselves as Deaf and share a culture and community, not just a medical condition. Deaf people don*t want to be fixed and would not prefer to hear. Usually their preferred mode of communication is Sign Language Deaf Culture:�Is considered by its members as a minority culture with it�s own history, customs, values, social patterns, traditions, beliefs, rules of behaviors, stories, and jokes. Deaf Community: Consists of a larger and more heterogeneous group of people who share the values and goals of Deaf people, but are not necessarily culturally Deaf.

13. Echoing: Repeating what the child says. Efficacy: Power to produce effects; operation or energy of an agent or force; production of the effect intended; as, the efficacy of medicine in counteracting disease; the efficacy of prayer. Empathic: Showing empathy or ready comprehension of others' states; "a sensitive and empathetic school counselor" Empowering: To equip or supply with an ability; enable: �Computers... empower students to become intellectual explorers� Entrainment: Small, synchronous movements an infant makes in response to the adults speech at the phoneme, syllable, phrase, and sentence levels. ESL�English as a second language; teaching English to those who use another language as their primary or first language.

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24. Stress: The emphasis placed on speech by varying ones pitch or sound of voice. Suprasegmental: Stress, rate, pause, and intonation used to signal attitude or emotion in speech. Syntax- the way words are put together to form sentences and phrases; rules of grammar. Tactile: Perception achieved through the sense of touch. Turn Taking: Turn taking is taught through game playing routines. Threshold - the softest sound an individual is able to hear at a particular frequency or pitch� Total Communication - (TC) uses a combination of methods to teach a child, including a form of sign language, finger spelling, speech reading, speaking and amplification. �