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INTONATION

INTONATION. Pitch Accents: sudden and steep rises and falls in pitch. The four important movements (not in the book) Step up on ought and me:. He ought to have asked me first. me also has a move down , which increases its prominence Step down on did: I didn’t say that.

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INTONATION

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  1. INTONATION Pitch Accents: sudden and steep rises and falls in pitch

  2. The four important movements (not in the book) Step up onoughtandme: He ought to have asked me first me also has a move down, which increases its prominence Step down on did: I didn’t say that that has a move up, which makes the utterance a little apologetic

  3. Four types of movement - step up: accent - step down: accent - move up: attitude, non-finality, question, hesitation, modesty • move down: finality Dividing line between “step” and “move” is vague.

  4. Example (4) He’s not in the least intelligent Step down on not and step up on least, followed by a move down (“high fall”) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Four ways of saying “He didn’t” Step up Step down (6)He didn’t(5)He didn’t (9) He didn’t (or move up?) (10)He didn’t

  5. Three ways of saying “didn’t he go?”step down + move up • (7) Didn’t he go? • (8) Didn’t he go? • (11)Didn’t he go?

  6. NUCLEAR TONES Nucleus = last pitch accent A nuclear tone is the way an utterance ends (usually the final accent) Examples of the various combinations of the four important pitch movements as they are given on pp. 135-138 of PPP

  7. 1. High fall = step up + move down: strong accent (16) going away (20) John (38) for three hours 2. Low fall = just a move down: no accent (17) going away (21) John (39) for three hours 3. Low rise = move down + move up: weak or no accent (18) going away (22) John (53) are you going? (48) Are you coming to the meeting tonight? 4. High rise = just a step up: accent (questions) (19) going away (23) John (52) are you going? 5. Fall-rise = step up + move down + move up: strong accent (24) I go there usually (27) but I didn’t fail the exam 6. Rise-fall = move up + move down: moderate accent (25) He got a distinction (41) Did he. At Cambridge. Too. (43) You damned well ought to (44) always empty

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