Nutritional

1. Nutritional/Metabolic Problems in Sheep Dr. Dan Morrical Iowa State University

2. Young Lambs Enterotoxemia Clostridium perfringens type C Symptoms Sudden death in 7-21 day old lambs

3. Young Lambs....continued Prevention Booster dams in late gestation Vaccinate lambs at 21 days and weaning Orphan vaccination Maximum colostrum intake Misdiagnosed-selenium/Vit. E deficiency

4. Goiter Symptoms Enlarged thyroid Poor wool coat at birth Low vigor/survival

5. Goiter.....continued Prevention Iodized salt Compensate for goitergens (kale, brassicas, etc.)

6. Finishing Lambs Enterotoxemia/Overeating Symptoms Best doing lambs Uncoordinated movement Rapid death

7. Finishing Lambs...continued Prevention Vaccination - toxoid Bunk management Gradual ration changes Antibiotics Misdiagnosed-polio and Vit. E/Se deficiency, pneumonia

8. Urinary Calculi •Wether lambs and stud rams •Several types-phosphate, calcium, silica •Problem-concentrates are low in calcium and high in phosphorous

9. Urinary Calculi...continued •Prevention Water intake Salt Ammonium chloride or sulfate Add calcium to achieve 1.5:1 ratio to phosphorous Never add phosphorous

10. White Muscle/Stiff Lamb Disease Symptoms Stiff rear legs and arched back Sudden death Aspiration Pneumonia Poor suckling reflex

11. White Muscle/Stiff Lamb Disease...continued Cause Deficiency of Vit. E and/or Selenium Note: Selenium is toxic but Vitamin E is not it is also cheap High grain rations reduce Vit. E Newborns only source of E is milk

12. Results - Serum E ewes Con E-G E-L E-GL Pretreatment 1.27 1.26 Pre-lambing 1.51a 1.91b Post-lambinga .93a 1.13b Mid-lactation .97a .95a 1.28b 1.37b Milk e at 3 days 10.8 15.1 a,b Row means with different superscripts differ (p<.05).

13. Results - Serum E lambs Con E-G E-L E-GL 3 days 1.08 1.08 28 days .41 .38 1.33 1.33

14. Rectal Prolapse Prevention Longer tail docking Less dusty feed Prevent pneumonia Shearing Feed some long fiber

15. Polioencephalomacia Thiamine deficiency Prevention Maintain rumen health Gradual ration changes Feed some long fiber Sulpher intake

16. Copper Toxicosis Breed Susceptibility Mineral interactions-Mo & Su, along with high Zn & Ca Normal copper, low molybdenum

17. Copper Toxicosis...continued Prevention Sheep specific feeds No additional copper Feed some Mo Copper & Molybdenum are both toxic

18. Pregnancy Toxemia Cause - Excess fat catabolism and ketone accumulation Prevention Over conditioned ewes Increased conc. feeding LG Fetal scans Pre-lambing shearing

19. Pregnancy Toxemia...continued Treatment Propylene glycol Induced parturition Severe cases usually do not recover

20. Grass Tetany Hypomagnesia Cause: excess potassium Lactating ewes on lush, spring pasture N fertilization increases risks

21. Grass Tetany...continued Magnesium oxide in mineral poor palatibility. Sudden death-confirmation by necropsy Stress induced

22. Milk Fever Ewes vs. Dairy Cows Cause Calcium deficiency ?? Stress induced

23. MIlk Fever...continued Late gestation ewes carrying triplets Symptoms Depressed, lethargic, recumbent Treatment Calcium gluconate Rapid response

24. Wool Pulling Cause Inadequate dry matter intake Small particle size, effective fiber Low phosphorous intake

25. Wool Pulling...continued Prevention Maximum 50% concentration ration Improved feeding technique Offer some low quality, long forage Evaluate phosphorous level

26. Vaginal Prolapses Causes Overfeeding roughage Genetics Short docks Fat ewes

27. Vaginal Prolapses...continued Prevention Feed higher quality roughage in LG Restrict roughage in ration esp. for ewe lambs Adequate bunk space Prevent obesity in ewes

28. Summary Common sense eliminates most disorders Shepherd mistakes creates a lot of the disorders Seek advice if not sure of what you are doing