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Happy Birthday Laura and Jenna (1977)

Happy Birthday Laura and Jenna (1977). Reading for Monday: Chapter 6 sections 1-6 Homework 4 – Due Monday 9/22/14 (only chap 4 assignment) Chapter 4 #s 2-22 (even), 28, 30, 35, 36, 38, 40, 44, 46, 52, 54, 59, 60, 66 Homework 5 – Due Monday 9/29/14 (only chap 5 assignment)

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Happy Birthday Laura and Jenna (1977)

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  1. Happy Birthday Laura and Jenna (1977) • Reading for Monday: • Chapter 6 sections 1-6 • Homework 4 – Due Monday 9/22/14 (only chap 4 assignment) • Chapter 4 #s 2-22 (even), 28, 30, 35, 36, 38, 40, 44, 46, 52, 54, 59, 60, 66 • Homework 5 – Due Monday 9/29/14 (only chap 5 assignment) • Chapter 5 #s 18, 20, 22, 34, 36, 39-46 (all), 55, 56, 61, 62, 70, 72, 94 • Quiz #2 –Monday (nomenclature) • Exam #1 – Wednesday 9/24/14 • Lab Next Week: Experiment 6 • Prelab • Dry lab

  2. Information from the Periodic Table (atomic number) 20 = = 40.08 amu (atomic mass) (atomic number) 8 = = 16.00 amu (atomic mass)

  3. Atomic Masses • Measured in the unit amu • Stands for atomic mass unit • Defined as 1/12th the mass of a 12C atom • 35Cl = 34.9689 amu • 50V = 49.9472 amu • 79Br = 78.9183 amu • Are these what the P.T. say?

  4. All Isotopes are NOT Created Equal • Weighted averages • “Normal averages” assume that everything counts the same. • Splitting the dinner bill assuming everyone ate and drank the same amount • Weighted averages take into account the fact that everything does NOT count the same. • Making my brother pay a larger part of the dinner bill because he ate more.

  5. All Isotopes are NOT Created Equal • Weighted averages • An equation (oh crap) • 35Cl = 34.9689 amu • Abundance = 75.77% • 37Cl = 36.9659 amu • Abundance = 24.23% • These must be the only 2 isotopes... Why?

  6. All Isotopes are NOT Created Equal • 35Cl = 34.9689 amu • Abundance = 75.77% • 37Cl = 36.9659 amu • Abundance = 24.23% =0.7577 Where have I seen this before? =0.2423 x 0.2423 = 35.45amu x 0.7577 34.9689 + 36.9659 Periodic Table gives AVERAGE ATOMIC MASS in amu!!

  7. A Problem! What is the average atomic mass of magnesium? 78.90% of all magnesium is 24Mg  23.985 amu 10.00% of all magnesium is 25Mg  24.986 amu 11.10% of all magnesium is 26Mg  25.983 amu 11.10% 100.00% = 24.30 amu

  8. Another Problem! Lead has 4 isotopes, the masses and abundances of which can be found in the following table. Your job? Calculate the isotope mass of lead-207. 22.10% ???? X = Lead-207 = 206.9 amu

  9. My Atom Broke • Subatomic Particles • Outside the nucleus • Electrons – e- • Carry a single negative charge • 1/1900th the size of p+ and no • Responsible for most of the chemistry that ever happens

  10. Electrons • e- are found in discreet “energy levels” or “shells”

  11. Electrons 1st shell  2nd shell  3rd shell  4th shell  5th shell  6th shell  7th shell 

  12. Electrons • e- are found in discreet “energy levels” or “shells” • Within these electron shells are electron sub-shells • Sub-shells are named s, p, d, and f • # of sub-shells = shell number • only “s” and “p” electrons count as valence e-

  13. s-block

  14. p-block

  15. d-block

  16. f-block

  17. Electron Sub-Shells

  18. LIGHT!!! wavelength  distance from peak to peak frequency  number of peaks that pass per second energy speed of light  3.00x108 m/s

  19. LIGHT!!! wavelength and frequency are INVERSLY proportional wavelength frequency

  20. LIGHT!!! wavelength and energy are INVERSLY proportional wavelength energy

  21. LIGHT!!! energy and frequency are DIRECTLY proportional energy frequency

  22. Electrons 1st shell  2nd shell  3rd shell  4th shell  5th shell  6th shell  7th shell 

  23. 5 4 3 2 1

  24. Bohr Model of H Atoms 24

  25. Hydrogen Energy Transitions 25

  26. Examples of Spectra 28

  27. Which is a higher energy transition? 65 or 32 6 53 or 31 5 23 or 34 4 3 2 1

  28. Periodic Table of the Elements Periodic: Having or marked by repeating patterns Table: An arrangement of words, numbers, or symbols, or combinations of them, as in parallel columns, to exhibit a set of facts or relations in a definite, compact, and comprehensive form Elements: A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

  29. The Beginning Mendeleev’s predictions: Property Predicted Actual color grey grey atomic mass 72 amu 72.6 amu density 5.5 g/mL 5.32 g/mL melting point very high 937 oC formula of oxide EkO2 GeO2 density of oxide 4.7 g/mL 4.70 g/mL formula of chloride EkCl4 GeCl4 B.P. of chloride 100 oC 86 oC

  30. The Modern Periodic Table • Moseley • Set it up by atomic number rather than atomic mass • Periodic Law – properties occur in a repeating pattern when set up by atomic number.

  31. The Modern Periodic Table • Periods (series) • Labeled 1 - 7

  32. The Modern Periodic Table • Groups (families) • Columns • 2 different labeling systems • 1-18 • A-B

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