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Temperature

Learn about different methods of measuring body temperature, including oral, axillary, rectal, temporal, and tympanic. Discover the normal temperature ranges for different age groups and factors that can affect body temperature. Understand how to use thermometers correctly and ensure accurate readings.

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Temperature

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  1. Temperature Stephanie Oliver, DNP, RN

  2. Body Temperature • Difference between the amount of heat produced by body processes and the amount of heat lost to external environment • Heat produced – Heat lost = Body temperature

  3. Conversion of Fahrenheit and Celsius • F = (C x 9/5 or 1.8) + 32 • C = (F – 32) x 5/9 or 0.5556

  4. Adults- 97- 100 degree F Adult Avg 98.6 F Oral Adult Avg 99.6 F Rectal Adult Avg 97.6 F Ax Newborn range – 95.9- 99.5F Infants and children – same as adults Elderly – Avg 96.8F Normal Range Throughout Life Cycle

  5. Age ( newborn- temp control mechanism immature, elderly- sensitive to temp changes) Circadian rhythm (temp normally changes 0.9 to 1.8 degree F /24hr Lowest 1-4AM Max-6PM ) Stress Environment Exercise Hormonal level Factors Affecting Body Temp

  6. TEMPERATURE • Body temperature can be measured several different ways: oral, axillary, rectal, temporal and tympanic • Rectal temperature is the most accurate, but mostly used on infants and small children • Mercury thermometers are no longer used because of the dangers of a mercury spill

  7. TYPES OF THERMOMETERS

  8. READING A THERMOMETER

  9. Oral Temperature • Accessible • Dependable • Accurate • Convenient

  10. Oral Temperature • Wait 15-30 minutes after eating, drinking, chewing gum or smoking • If mouth breather-do not take orally • Leave in place 3–5 minutes with glass thermometer

  11. Axillary Temperature • Safe • Non-invasive • Least accurate • Hold glass thermometer in place for 10 min

  12. Tympanic Temperature • Non-invasive • Safe • Accurate • Disadvantages • Excessive cerumen • Improper technique • Adults–pull pinna of ear up & back • Children-under 3y/o-pull pinna of ear down & back

  13. Temporal Thermometer

  14. Rectal Temperature • MOST accurate • MUST hold thermometer in place • DO Not take hand from thermometer while rectal in progress • Use on patients with very high temp, unconscious, infants, toddlers • Do not take rectal temp on clients with heart conditions • Leave in place 3-5 min with glass thermometer • Lubricate thermometer

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