The Civil War: North vs South

1. Splash Screen

2. Chapter Introduction Section 1:The Opposing Sides Section 2:The Early Stages Section 3:Life During the War Section 4:The Turning Point Section 5: The War Ends Visual Summary Chapter Menu

3. How Is Modern Warfare Different? The Civil War was in many respects the first modern war. Both sides fielded large armies equipped with mass-produced weapons. Railroads and the telegraph ensured rapid communications and troop movements. Hundreds of thousands of soldiers were killed. • Why was the North able to defeat the South? • How did specific battles affect President Lincoln’s political decisions? Chapter Intro

4. Chapter Timeline

5. Chapter Timeline

6. The Opposing Sides What advantages and disadvantages did the North and South have at the start of the Civil War? Chapter Intro 1

7. The Early Stages How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the Civil War? Chapter Intro 2

8. Life During the War What was life like for soldiers and nurses during the Civil War? Chapter Intro 3

9. The Turning Point Why was 1863 the pivotal year of the Civil War? Chapter Intro 4

10. The War Ends Why did the Union army wage “total war” against the South? Chapter Intro 5

11. Chapter Preview-End

12. Big Ideas Government and SocietyThe Confederacy’s weak central government had difficulty coordinating the war effort. Section 1-Main Idea

13. Content Vocabulary • greenback • conscription • habeas corpus • attrition Academic Vocabulary • sufficient • implement Section 1-Key Terms

14. People and Events to Identify • Robert E. Lee • Copperheads • James Mason • John Slidell • Trent Affair • Anaconda Plan Section 1-Key Terms

15. A B Do you feel that the president should be able to change a law during wartime? A. Yes B. No Section 1-Polling Question

16. Choosing Sides The Union had economic advantages at the start of the Civil War, but was politically divided; if the Confederacy could gain European support and wear down the North, it had a chance at victory. Section 1

17. Choosing Sides (cont.) • Robert E. Lee—one of the most respected senior officers in the U.S. Army—received an offer from General Winfield Scott to command the Union’s troops. • Although Lee had spoken against secession, he resigned from the army and offered his services to the Confederacy. • Although the South had many experienced officers to lead its troops in battle, the North had several economic advantages. Section 1

18. Choosing Sides (cont.) • Some of the North’s advantages included the following: • larger population • control of a navy • almost 90% of the nation’s factories • more miles of railroad track • control of the national treasury Resources of the Union and of the Confederacy Section 1

19. Choosing Sides (cont.) • continued revenue from tariffs • large reserves of cash in banks • Congress passed the Legal Tender Act in February 1862, which created a national currency and allowed the government to issue paper money, or greenbacks. Resources of the Union and of the Confederacy Section 1

20. Choosing Sides (cont.) • As the Civil War began, President Lincoln had to contend with divisions within his own party. • The Democrats also split into different factions—the War Democrats and the Peace Democrats (also called Copperheads). • One major disagreement between Republicans and Democrats concerned the use of conscription. Section 1

21. Choosing Sides (cont.) • To enforce the militia law, Lincoln suspended writs of habeas corpus. • Although the South had no organized opposition party, President Jefferson Davis still faced many problems. • The Confederate constitution limited his ability to conduct the war. Section 1

22. Choosing Sides (cont.) • The outbreak of the Civil War put the major governments of Europe in a difficult position. • The British and French met informally with the Confederate representatives in May 1861. • In late 1861, the Confederacy sent James Mason to Britain andJohn Slidellto France. Section 1

23. Choosing Sides (cont.) • A Union warship intercepted a British ship and took Mason and Slidell prisoner—later known as the Trent Affair. • They were released after a few tense weeks and continued on their mission to seek Confederate allies in Europe. Section 1

24. A B C D E President Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus for which people? A.Those who opposed the war B.Those who openly supported the rebels C.Those who encouraged others to resist the militia draft D.A and B E. B and C Section 1

25. The First Modern War Unlike previous wars, the Civil War was fought with huge, mostly volunteer armies equipped with new technologies. Section 1

26. The First Modern War (cont.) • By the 1850s, French and American inventors had developed a new, inexpensive conoidal (cone-shaped) bullet for rifles. • Conoidal bullets were accurate at greater ranges. • So troops would be fired on several more times while charging enemy lines. Section 1

27. The First Modern War (cont.) • The Civil War marked the first time that troops defending their positions protected themselves with trenches and barriers instead of standing upright in a line. • Attrition played a critical role as the war dragged on. • The Southern disdain for remaining on the defensive meant that when battles occurred, Southern troops often went on the offensive, charging enemy lines and suffering very high causalities. Section 1

28. The First Modern War (cont.) • Early in the war, the general in chief of the United States, Winfield Scott, proposed a strategy for defeating the South—referred to as the Anaconda Plan. • Lincoln agreed to implement Scott’s plan, and imposed a blockade on Southern ports, hoping for a quick victory. • Ultimately, he and other Union leaders realized that only a long war that focused on destroying the South’s armies had any chance of success. Section 1

29. A B Early in the war, which kind of struggle did Jefferson Davis imagine? A.An offensive war B.A defensive war Section 1

30. Section 1-End

31. Big Ideas Geography and HistoryThe Union hoped to seize the Mississippi River valley and cut the Confederacy in two. Section 2-Main Idea

32. Content Vocabulary • bounty • blockade runner Academic Vocabulary • assemble • crucial Section 2-Key Terms

33. People and Events to Identify • “Stonewall” Jackson • David G. Farragut • Ulysses S. Grant • George B. McClellan • Emancipation Proclamation Section 2-Key Terms

34. A B Do you agree that the government should have the right to force people to fight in a war? A. Agree B. Disagree Section 2-Polling Question

35. Mobilizing the Troops To fight the war successfully, it became clear to leaders on both sides that they would need conscription to ensure the necessary number of troops. Section 2

36. Mobilizing the Troops (cont.) • In the first months of the Civil War, President Lincoln was under great pressure to strike quickly against the South. • However, during a fight along the Bull Run River near Manassas Junction, “Stonewall” Jackson proved that this war would not be a short one. Section 2

37. Mobilizing the Troops (cont.) • Fewer young men volunteered as the war dragged on, and both governments had to resort to conscription. • The North tried to encourage voluntary enlistment by offering a bounty to individuals who promised to serve three years in the military. • Congress finally introduced a draft in 1863 to raise necessary troops. Section 2

38. A B C D Which type of person was not exempt from being drafted in the South? A.Key government workers B.Teachers C.Doctors D.Planters who held at least 20 enslaved African Americans Section 2

39. The Naval War Although the Union had experienced setbacks on land, its naval forces successfully blockaded Southern ports and took control of the mouth of the Mississippi River. Section 2

40. The Naval War (cont.) • In April 1861, President Lincoln proclaimed a blockade of all Confederate ports. • Although the Union blockade became increasingly effective as the war dragged on, Union vessels were thinly spread and found it difficult to stop all of the blockade runners. • At the same time, Confederate ships operating out of foreign ports attacked Northern merchant ships at sea. Section 2

41. The Naval War (cont.) • In February 1862, David G. Farraguttook command of a Union force of 42 warships and 15,000 soldiers led by General Benjamin Butler. • On April 25, 1862, Farragut arrived in New Orleans. • Six days later, General Butler’s troops took control of the South’s largest city, and a center of cotton trade. Section 2

42. A B C D Where were the Confederate ships Florida and Alabama built? A.Germany B.New Orleans C.Great Britain D.Boston Section 2

43. The War in the West After the Union victory at Shiloh, the Union took control of eastern Tennessee. Section 2

44. The War in the West (cont.) • In February 1862, as Farragut prepared for his attack on New Orleans, Union general Ulysses S. Grant gained control of all of Kentucky and most of western Tennessee. • Next, Grant led his troops up the Tennessee River to attack Corinth, Mississippi. • Confederate forces launched a surprise attack on Grant’s troops early on April 6, 1862 at Shiloh, but Grant forced the Confederates to retreat. The War in the West, 1862–1863 Section 2

45. The War in the West (cont.) • Lincoln ordered General Don Carlos Buell to seize Chattanooga and cut the railroad lines that passed through the city. • Frustrated at Buell’s slow advance, Lincoln put General William Rosecrans in command. Section 2

46. A B More troops were killed or wounded during the Battle of Shiloh than in any other battle up to that point. A.True B.False Section 2

47. The War in the East After the Union defeated Lee at Antietam, Britain decided to stay out of the conflict and Lincoln issued a proclamation to end slavery. Section 2

48. The War in the East (cont.) • After General McDowell’s failure at the First Battle of Bull Run, President Lincoln ordered General George B. McClellan to lead the Union army in the east. • Although popular with the troops, McClellan proved overly cautious and unwilling to attack unless he had overwhelming strength. The War in the East, 1862–1863 Section 2

49. The War in the East (cont.) • In late June 1862, Lee began a series of attacks on McClellan’s army that became known as the Seven Days’ Battle. • Lee could not defeat the Union army but did inflict heavy casualties and force McClellan to retreat to the James River. • Lincoln ordered McClellan to bring his troops back to Washington; Lee decided to attack the retreating forces, forcing them to retreat once again. The War in the East, 1862–1863 Section 2

50. The War in the East (cont.) • Confederate forces stood only 20 miles away from Washington. • Lee decided to invade Maryland for several reasons: • An invasion might convince the North to accept the South’s independence. • A victory on northern soil might help the South win recognition from the British. The War in the East, 1862–1863 Section 2