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Bacteria Characteristics

Bacteria Characteristics. Cell Structure. Prokaryote : no nucleus or organelles Chromosome & plasmids float freely in cytoplasm Ribosomes : create proteins Flagella : used in movement Pili : act as anchors Capsule : outer coating Endospore : “cocoon” to protect DNA in harsh times.

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Bacteria Characteristics

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  1. Bacteria Characteristics

  2. Cell Structure • Prokaryote: no nucleus or organelles • Chromosome & plasmids float freely in cytoplasm • Ribosomes: create proteins • Flagella: used in movement • Pili: act as anchors • Capsule: outer coating • Endospore: “cocoon” to protect DNA in harsh times

  3. Many bacteria grow in colonies 3 Basic Shapes: 1) Bacilli = Rod 2) Coccus = Spherical 3) Spirillum = Spiral Bacterial Shapes

  4. Binary Fission: asexual reproduction where one cell splits into two cells Both cells have identical sets of DNA Less genetic diversity Conjugation: process where DNA is exchanged Cells connect by pili DNA exchanged Creates genetic diversity Bacteria Reproduction

  5. Nutrition • Heterotrophs: feed on matter produced by others • Saprophytes: absorb nutrients from dead matter • Parasites: absorb nutrients from living matter • Essential to healthy ecosystems

  6. Respiration • Obligate Aerobic = must live in oxygen • Obligate Anaerobic = cannot live in oxygen • Facultative aerobic = can live with or without oxygen The bacteria that causes TB lives in your lungs… which type is it?

  7. 2 Bacterial Kingdoms Salt, heat, & acid loving bacteria

  8. UV Eubacteria (Modern bacteria) UV UV UV UV UV • Cyanobacteria: autotrophic bacteria • Evolutionary Importance • Early life lived in oceans (no ozone layer) • Cyanobacteria released O2 into the atmosphere • O2 recombined into ozone (O3) in the stratosphere • Protective layer allowed life to evolve on land Ozone layer (O3) develops over millions of years Uninhabited land Cyanobacteria in Ocean water O2 O2 O2 O2

  9. Helpful in nature Cyanobacteria: create O2 Decomposers: recycle C Nitrogen fixer bacteria Bacteria have been engineered for human uses: Food: cheese, bread, yogurt, cabbage, sauerkraut Medicine: antibiotics Industry: insecticides, fuel, environmental cleanup Helpful Bacteria

  10. Eubacteria (Modern Bacteria) • Common to most environments on Earth • Identified by Gram Stain test • Gram negative: • stains pink • harder to treat • Gram positive: • stains purple • easier to treat • Treatments differ depending upon results

  11. Gram Stain Overview

  12. Brush, Floss, & Rinse Your Teeth! GINGIVITIS HEALTHY MODERATE PERIODONTITIS ADVANCED PERIODONTITIS

  13. Most bacteria killed Strong Survive Resistant Bacteria Only Strong Reproduce

  14. Archaea • Live in extreme environments • 1) Methanogens: • Anaerobic • Produce methane gas as a waste product • Habitat: Swamps, sewage, digestive tract

  15. Archaea 2) Thermophiles • Heat and acid loving bacteria • Habitat: Deep sea vents, volcanoes, hot springs (230°F)

  16. Archaea 3) Halophiles • Thrive in areas of high salt concentration • Salt normally dehydrates organisms • Use salt to make energy

  17. Name this bacteria shape! Cocci

  18. Name this bacteria shape! Bacillus

  19. Name these cell parts! Pili

  20. Name the process shown in this animation. Binary Fission

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